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Definitions Ch 4
Introductory Chemistry by Zumdahl CHM 1025 VCC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Element symbols | Abbreviation for the chemical elements |
| Law of constant composition | A given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass. A compound is always organized in the same way by mass. |
| Dalton's atomic theory | 1. Elements are made up of atoms. 2. All atoms for an element are identical (same properties). 3. Compounds: atoms from different elements combined. They always have the same # and types of atoms 4. Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes. |
| Compound | Substance composed of the atoms of 2 or more elements |
| Chemical Formula | The types and how many atoms are present in a molecule |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles found in an atom. Smaller than neutrons and protons. -1 |
| Nuclear atom | An atom with dense center of positive charge (nucleus) that is surrounded by electrons.- Rutherford |
| Nucleus | Dense center of positive charge (protons and neutrons). Center of an atom. |
| Proton | Positively charged particle. +1 |
| Neutron | Bigger than a proton (no charge) |
| Isotopes | atoms w the same # of protons but different numbers of neutrons (different mass). Ex Carbon-14 14/6 C |
| Atomic Number | The # of protons in a nucleus. Z |
| Mass Number | Neutrons + protons. A |
| Periodic table | Shows all the known elements and gives information about them. |
| Groups | Families of elements with similar chemical properties that lie in the same vertical column. |
| Alkali metals | Group 1- column |
| Alkaline earth metals | Group 2 of elements |
| Halogens | Group 7 of elements |
| Noble gases | Group 8 of elements |
| Transition metals | Large collection of elements |
| Metals | 1. Conductors of electricity and heat 2. Malleable (can be hammered into thin seets) 3. Ductile (can be pulled into wires) 4. Lustrous (shiny) |
| Non metals | All the opposite of metals |
| Metalloids or semimetals | Have metallic and nonmetallic properties |
| Diatomic molecules | Molecules made up of 2 atoms. Ex. H, O, N, Cl, F, Br, I. |
| Ion | Entity with a positive or negative charge. Opposite charges attract and become neutral 3D array (cations surrounded by anions) |
| Cation | Positive ion= metals that lose electrons |
| Anion | Negative ion= nonmetals that gain electrons |
| Ionic Compounds | Compound formed getween a metal and a nonmetal. It must have a net charge of zero. Ex Na+ Cl- |
| Compound | Combination of elements |
| Molecule | Particle composed of 2 or more nonmetal atoms. Simplest particle of a binary molecular compound |
| Atom | Tiny particles that compose elements |
| Plum pudding model | Electrons were evenly distributed among a homogeneous sphere of + charge- Thomson |
| Atomic notation | tells the # of p+ and N in the nucleus of an atom |
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