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Chem- Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Democritus' ideas | nature's basic particle was the atom; atoms physically resembled the matter it made |
| Aristotle's ideas | matter could be infinitely divided; matter was made of some combination of elements (earth, water, fire, air) |
| Dalton's Modern Atomic Theory | the elements are composed of atoms & only whole numbers of atoms can combine and form compounds |
| Modifications to the Modern Atomic Theory | atoms are divisible; an element can have atoms with different masses |
| Subatomic Particles | the proton, neutron, & electron |
| Anatomy of an atom | nucleus + electron cloud; mostly empty space, mass of atom is in the nucleus |
| J.J Thomson | discovered the electron with his cathode ray tube experiment in 1897 |
| Cathode Ray Experiment | Cathode rays were shot through an atom, which registered negatively charged particles.(Cathodes are deflected by a magnetic field and the rays are deflected from negatively charged objects) |
| Robert Millikan | Measured the exact value of the negative charge with his oil drop experiment in 1909 |
| Thomson's atomic model | "plum pudding" model, electrons stuck in a mound of positive charge |
| Ernest Rutherford | discovered the nucleus with his gold foil experiment in 1911 |
| Gold foil experiment | Alpha particles were shot through a sheet of gold foil |
| Expected gold foil experiment outcome | Alpha particles pass through, slightly deflected by the positive charge spread throughout the atom |
| Actual gold foil experiment outcome | Most particles went straight through, some were deflected, very few bounced back at large angles |
| Rutherford's atomic model | "nuclear atom" model, tiny positively charged nucleus with electrons floating outside of it |
| James Chadwick | discovered neutrons in 1932 |
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element |
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cdye13
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