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Introexam1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the definition of psychology, behavior means: | outward or overt actions and reactions |
| a psychologist is interested in what a particular person might do in a stressful situation. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of: | prediction |
| Dr. Watson designs a special behavior program for helping children who are bullies learn how to be less aggressive and more successful in socail relatoionships Dr. Watson is most interested in the goal of: | control |
| The first step in studyinjg animal behavior is to observe animals and record everything they do, when they do it, and what is going on around them when they do it. This meets the goal of: | decription |
| Experimental psychologist who design experiments to determine the causes of behavior, would be most interested in the goal of: | explanation |
| Name which if the following early psychologist would have been most likely to agree with the statement "The study of the mind should focus on how it allows us to adapt to our surroundings" | William James |
| Which early perspective would have been least likely to agree with the structuralist? | Gestalt |
| What did Frued believe controlled most, if not all, of our behavior? | the unconscious mind |
| Who among the following would be least likely to talk about conscious experiences? | Watson |
| Who was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association? | Mary Whiton Calkins |
| In the experiment with "Little Peter," what did Mary Cover Jones use as a stimulus to counter Little Peter's fear of the rabbit? | food |
| Which of the following pairs represents the two psychology perspectives that were also part of the historical beginnings of psychology? | behavorism and psychodynamics |
| Which perspective is known as the "third force" in psychology? | humanism |
| Elsie suffered a stroke and had to be hospitalized. While in the hospital, she talked in funny, garbled words and seemed to think that she was being held against her will. Which of the following perspective best explains Elsie's off behavior? | biopsychology |
| which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were studying the way children store and retrieve information? | cognitive psychology |
| which if the following historical perspectives gave rise, at least in part, to the evolutionary perpesctive? | functionalism |
| which of the following professional in psychology focuses more on the enviromental conditions that affect mental disorders? | psychiatric social worker |
| which of the following specialaties deals with diagnosis and treatment of disorders? | clinical |
| Maz is interested in becoming a psychologist. He is most interested in how people in groups behave differently from people who act alone, he would most likely specializez in________. | social |
| Dr. Roaden works in a school system, dealing directly with children who have emotional academic, and behavioral problems. Dr. Roaden is most likely which type of psychologist? | school |
| in the scientific method, the first step is | perceiving a question |
| in a naturalistic observation, the phenomenon in which the behavior of the subjects being observed changes because they are being watched is called: | observer effect |
| the use of ___________ helps to controll for the effect of observer bias. | blind observer |
| The main disadvantages of a case study is that is that it is not | detailed enough for most reserach questions |
| which of the following is the best example of representative sample? | you choose people randomly from the telephone book to respond to your survey |
| it's pretty common knowledge that the more you study, the higher your grade will be./ What kind of correlation is this relationship? | postive |
| which of the following would indicate the strongest relation btw 2 variables: | -.89 |
| In a _______ study, neither the experimentor nor the participants know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group | double-blind |
| in Dr. Amabile's classic experiment of effects of reward on creativity, what was the dependant variable? | the ratings of creativity from the experts for each child's collage |
| We use animals in research bc: | animals have simple behavors that make it easy to see changes, animals don't live as long as humans and are easier to control, we can do things to anumals that we can't do to people |
| A famous newscaster advertise anewmagnetic mattress for controlling oain. If nathaniel decides to order the mattress bc he believes that such as well-kown personality should know if it works or not, he has made an erroe in which of the following | authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true |
| critical thinking means making judgements based on | reason and logical evaluation |
| in the definition of psychology , mental processes means | internal, covert processes |
| a psychologist is interested in findin out why identical twins have different personalities, This psychologist is most interested in the foal of | explanation |
| psychologist who give potential employees test that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of | prediction |
| which early theorist developed his perspective on psychology by basing it on Darwin's" survival of the fittest" doctirine? | William James |
| "The whole is greater than the sim of the part" is a statement associated with the perspective of | Gestalt psychologist |
| ________was the focus of Watson's behavorism | observationable experiences |
| Who is most associated with the techinque of introspection? | Wundt |
| Who was denied a Ph. D despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree? | Mary Whiton Calkins |
| Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization? | humanism |
| Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again and again. Which perspective would explain Jenna's hand-washing behavor as a result of repressed conflicts? | psycholodynamics |
| which perspective looks at perception, learning, and memory? | cognitive psychology |
| Which perspective assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions bc ot served a useful function in preserving the species? | evolutionary perspective |
| which of the following prefessionals in psychology has the broadest area of interest and fuctions? | psychologist |
| a person has suffered a mahor stroke and is now experiencing sever personality problems bc of the damage would best be advised to see a: | psychartrist |
| which of thfollowing specialities in psychology provides diagnosis and treatment for less erious mental problems such as adjustment disorder? | counseling |
| in the scientfic method, forming an educated guess is called: | forming a hypothesis |
| in a lab observation the main advantage of of this method is: | the degreeof control it allows the observer |
| Harlan wanted to write realistically about street gangs, so he pretended to be a teenagerand joined a real gang. This is most similar to the method of | participant observation |
| The main advantage of a case study is | the amount of detail it provies about an individual |
| the entire group that a researcher is interested in is called a | population |
| Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with lowered rish of cancers. Based on this information which of the following if statements is true? | the more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer |
| a reseacrcher designs an experiment to test the eggeccts of playing video games on memory. What would be the dependant variable? | score on a memory test |
| in the video game experiment, the experimental group would | play the video games |
| in DR. Amabile's experiment on creativetiy and reward, what was the independent variable? | the special instructions to each group |
| in a ________study, only the experimentor knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group | single-blind |
| double-blind studies control for | the placebo effect and the experimentor effect |
| Dr. Silverber conducted a study inwhich she test infacnt for memory ability. Before she can begin her study , she must obtain | informed consent from the parents |
| several years ago two scientist announced that they had achieved 'cold fusion"in the laboartory but futher studied dailed to replicate their findings. This highlights thich of the following critical thinking principles | all evidence is not equal in quality |
| which pseudopsychology to understand personality through a study of teh postions of heavenly bodies? | astrology |
| In the structure of the neuron, the _______send information to other cells | axon |
| which type of cell makes up 10% of the brain? | neurons |
| damaged nerve fibers in the body can repair themselves because they are coated with _____, which forms a protective tunnel aroudn teh nerve fibers | neuroilemma |
| when a neuron is in the resting potential state, where are teh sodium ions? | outside the cell |
| How does one neuron communicate with another neuron? | chemicals in the end of one neuron float across the gap to fit into holes on the next neuron |
| which neurotransmitter is associtated with the control of the pain response? | endorphin |
| which of the following is the correct path of a reflex arc? | sensoryneuron to interneuron to motor neuron |
| voluntary muscles are controlled by the ______nervous system | somatic |
| your heart races. you begin to breathe faster. your pupils enlarge andyour appetite is gone. Your _______division has just been activiated | sympathetic |
| the ________division controls ordinary day-to-day bodily functions | parasympathetic |
| which of the following techiniques for imaging the brain would not be advisable for a person with a metal plate in his head? | MRI |
| whic technique of studying the brain actually damages nueron? | deep lesionings |
| Maria suffered a stroke that damaged a part of her brain. she fell into a sleeplike coma and cannon be awakened. If we know that the area of damage is somewhere in the brainstem which structure is most likely damaged | reticular formation |
| Alex, who is 2 months old, is having his picture takend, The photographer tries to sit him up but he keeps sinking down. he can't sit upright yet bc the __________in his brainstem is not fully developed | cerebellum |
| which sense is not sent to the cortex by the thalamus? hearing, smell, taste, vision | smell |
| which part of the brain is the link btw the brain and the glandular system? | hypothalamus |
| Jeff is undergoing brain surgery to oremove a tumor. the surgeon applies electrical simulation to various areas around the tumor causing Jeff to report tingling in various areas of his skin. The ttumor is most likely in which lobe of Jeff's brain? | parietal |
| George has a small stroke that results in a partial paralysis if his left side. The damage are ismost likely in his_____lobe | right frontal |
| linda is recovering from damage to her brain. her main symptom is a speech problem, instead of saying" I am going to P.T at 9" she says "I go P.T non o'cot" Linda's problem is | Broca's aphasia |
| recognizing the face of someone you run into at the mall is a function of the ____hemisphere, being able to retrieve that person's name from memory is a function fot eh____hemisphere | right, left |
| heather is beautifully proportioned but at 18 she is still no taller than the average 10 year old. Heather most likely had a problem in her_____glands while she was growing | pituitary |
| the action of hormones in the bloodstream is most similar to which of the followong? | the action of neurotransmittors in the synapse |
| melatonin is secreted by the _______glands | pineal |
| which if the following differences btw male and females brains has not been supposrted by research? | the corpus callosum is bigger in men than in women |
| YOu find that you have to add 1 tsp of sugar to a cup of coffee that already has 5 tsp of sugar in it to notice the difference in sweetness. If you have a cup of coffee w/10tsp of sugar init, how many tsp would you have to add to notce the diffat 1/2 time | 2 |
| which of your senses habituates rather than adapts to constant stimuli? | hearing? |
| which of the following terms refers to the psychological effect of the length of light waves? color, brightness, pitch, amplitude | color |
| which of the following is responsible for controlling how much light enters the eye? | iris |
| whch type of retinal cell form the optic nerve? | ganglion cells |
| which set of colors are the primary colors when mixing light? | red, blue and green |
| which of the following properties of sound would be the most similar to the brightness of light? | loudness |
| the thin membrane stretched over the opening to the inner ear is the | oval window |
| the _____theory explains how we hear sounds btw 100-1000Hx | volley |
| if a sever ear infection damages the bones of the middle ear, you may develop _____hearing impairment | conduction |
| the sense of tast is closely related to the sense of: | smell |
| the "bumps" on the tongue that are visisble to the eye are the | papillae |
| the olfactory receptor cells are located in the | tops of the nasal passages |
| which of the following statements about olfactory receptiors is true? | olfactory receptors are replaced every 5-8weeks |
| in the spinal cors_____inhibits the release of substace P. | endorphins |
| we know when we are moving up and down in an elevator bc of the movement of tiny crystals in the | otolith organs |
| Ellis turns around and around in a circle. When he stops, he feels like his head is still spinning. what is responsible for thissensation? | semicircular canals |
| which Gestalt principle is at work when a ventriloqust moves the dummy's mouth while doing the talking, making it seem like the dummy is talking? | contiguity |
| researcher have been able to deomostrate depth precertion in babies as yound as | 2 months |
| which of the following occurs when one object seems to black another object? | overlap |
| the Muller-lyer illusion exists in cultures in which there are | building with lots of corners |
| Allson opened her new jigsaw puxxle but soon realized that the puzzle pieces inside had nothing to do with the pictureon the box. Whic no picture to go by she realized she would have to use | bottom-up processing |
| which suppose ESP ability involves being able to "see" somethint that is not physically present by touching another object? | clairvoyance |
| Most of our time awake is spent in a stated called_______in which our thoughts, feelings, and sensatation are clear and organized, and we feel alert | walking concsciousness |
| which if the following is not an altered state of conciousness? | you are concentrating on a math test |
| which of the following is not an example of circadian rthym? | menstral cycle |
| when light begns to fade at the end of the day, the nucleus in the ____singals the pineal glands to release______ | hypothalamus, melatonin |
| which of the following was not listed as one of the factors involved in the ability to go to sleep | body mass |
| the symptoms of sleep deprivation include all but which of the following? trembling hands, inablility to concentrate, feelings of general discomfort, hypnic jerk | hypnic herk |
| you hear about an accident that took place at 3am the car was traveling along & then weemed to drift into the oncoming traffic hitting a car head on. you figure the driver drifted becuase of | microsleep episode |
| it might be best to say that adaptive theory explains_____while restorative theory explains_____ | when we sleep, why we need to sleep |
| what is the first stage of sleep in which, if awakened y, you will realize that you were asleep? | stage two |
| in whic stage of sleep do night terrors occur? | stage four |
| sleepwalking | is partly hereditary |
| night terrors | are more common in children |
| which of the following statements about REM sleep is false | lack of REM produces psychological disorders |
| if you are suddenly and with out warning slip into REM sleep during the day you may have the condition called | narcolepsy |
| if you are in REM sleep but are able to move around and act out your dream you may have a rare condition called | REM behavior disorder |
| a sleep disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air into your nose is called | sleep apnea |
| which of the following is not a naturally occuring substance? nicotine, caffience, amphetamine, cocaine | ampheteamine |
| whic of the following is not a depressant?alcohol, PCP, valium, barbiturate | PCP |
| alcohol actually___the release of GABA, a neurotransmitter thatinhibits many brain functions | stimulates |
| _____was originally thought to be a more pure form of morphine, with fewer side effects | herion |
| "magic mushroom" are the source of | psilocbyn |
| high doses of MJ can lead to | hallucinations and delusion |
| which of the following statements concerning sleep depreivation is false? | driving after 17-19 hours without sleep is less dangerous than having a blood alcohollevel of 0.05 |
| all narcotics are derived from | opium |
| the drug was first hailed as thenew wonder drug, bc the impurities that supposedly cause many of the addictive and unpleasent side effects of the previous verson had been removed. Infact _____was even more addictive | herion |
| whic of the following hallucinogenucs is not a syntherically created drug? psylocybin, LSD, PCP, MDMA | psylocybin |
| of the following which comes from the peyote catus? mescaline, psilocybin, MJ, ergot | mescaline |
| which of the following is a long-term effect of MJ use? lung cancer, immune system damage, asthma, all of the above | all of the above |
| which of the following statements about MH is true? | MJ is not physically addictive |
| what are two signs of physical dependency? | drug tolerance and withdrawl |
| larger and larger doses of amphetamines can lead to a severe mental disturbance and paranoia called | amphetamine psychosis |
| which of the following is not one of the three signs of cocaine abuse? withdrawl, loss of control, complusive use, disregaurd for consequences | withdrawl |
| caffeine replaced_____in patient medicines and over-the-counter preparations in the early 1900's | cocaine |
| The "date rape" drug, Rohypnol, is one of the _____ | minor tranquilzers |
| which of the followong is not one of the steps in inducing hypnosis? putting the person to sleep, telling the person to relax, telling the person to use vivid imagination, telling the person to "let go" | putting the person to sleep |
| the tendency to act as though your behavior is out of your control and involuntary is called | basic suggestion effect |
| hypnosis has been successfully used to | reduce sensation of pain |
| in the_____theory of hypnosis, the person has a part of the mind that isnot hypnotized and that is fully aware of the proceedings | dissocative |
| In Freud's theory, the symbolic content of dreams is called | latent content |
| which dream theory states that dreams are simply the brain's way of explaining randomm neural activity while sleeping | activation-synthesis hypothesis |
| according to Hobson and McCarley, the ______area of the brain sends signals to the____, creating what we interpret as dream | pons, cortex |
| The____________lobes "shut down" during dreaming, explaining the often bizzare nature of dreams | frontal |
| in which stage of sleep is a person who is very hard to awaken? | stage 4 |
| which of the following is not a characteristic of REM sleep? | slower, deeper breathing |
| acting out your nightmares is area condition called? | REM behavior disrder |
| in which disorder does breathing stop for nearly half a minute ormore? | sleep apnea |
| which of the following is bad advice for someone suffering from insomnia? | lie in bed until you fall asleep, even if it takes several hours |
| nightmares occur in____sleep, whereas night terrors occur in ______sleep | REM, NREM |
| when our mental activity undergoes a change in qaulity or pattern this is called | altered state of consciouness |
| The sleep-wake cycle is an_____rhythm, normally occuring every 24hrs | circadian |
| the suprachiasmatic nucleus instructs the ____gland to release__________ | pineal, melatonin |
| which of the following does not have a role in determining when we sleep? | digestion |
| which theory of why we sleep explains why we sleep when we do? | adaptive theory |
| The tendency to percieve a quater as being round even when it is viewed at an angle is called | shape constancy |
| a reversible figure, such as a Necker cube, makes use of which principle pf perception? | figure-ground relationships |
| which of the following isnot a monocular cur for depth? convergence, linear perspective, overlap, texture gradient | convergence |
| an illusion | is a distorted perception of an actual stimulus |
| The receptors on our taste buds work most like | receptors sites in neurons |
| which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is false? | olfactory receptors are replaced every few years |
| pain sensations in the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints that are carried onlarge nerve fibers are called | somatic pain |
| in gate-control theory, substance P | opens the spinal gates for pain |
| a bowl of gelatin with fruit in it will wiggle more than if it contained no fruit. This is most similar to the way the ______work | otolith organs |
| which of the following properties of sound would be themost similar to the color or hue of light? | pitch |
| the eardrum is also called the | tempanic membrane |
| the ________ theory explains how we hear sounds about 1,000hz | place |
| if the bones of the middle ear begin to deteriorate, you will develop_____hearing impairment | conduction |
| hearing-impaired people are less likey to take advantage of new technology to help them hear if they | have been hearing impaired since birth |
Created by:
ssloan84