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Science Ch.11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General characteristics of protists | -All are eukaryotic -Most are single celled -they can be producers, consumers, or decomposers -some can move and some can't |
| How do protist producers get their food? | they have chloroplast to make food through photosynthesis |
| How Heterotrophic protist get their food? | can't make their own food. They eat bacteria, yeast, or other protist. |
| How do protist reproduce? | Most protist reproduce asexually. Usually binary or multiple fission. some produce sexually through conjugation. Many can reproduce both ways. It depends on environmental conditions |
| What is conjugation? | sexual reproduction - when 2 individuals join together and exchange genetic material through a small 2nd nucleus. |
| What is an example of conjugation? | A paramecium |
| Name three traits that can differ among protists. | 1) number of cells 2) how they get food 3) how they move 4) how they reproduce |
| What are the 3 groups of protists? | 1) producers 2) mobile heterotrophs 3) non mobile heterotrophs |
| What are multi-cellular algae called? | seaweed ( usually live in shallow waters ) |
| What are single-celled algae called? | phytoplankton |
| What are characteristics of phytoplankton? | - cannot be seen by microscope -usually float -produce muich of world's oxygen |
| What are the 6 types of protist producers? | - Red Algae - Green Algae - Brown Algae - Diatoms - Dinoflagellates - Euglenoids |
| Characteristics of Red Algae? | - make up most of the worlds seaweed - most live in tropical oceans - contain chlorophyll but also have a red pigment - usually less than 1 meter in length |
| Characteristics of Green Algae? | - most diverse group of protist producers - chlorophyll is the main pigment in their cells - most live in water or moist soil |
| Characteristics of Brown Algae? | - found in cool climates - have chlorophyll and a yellow brown pigment - many are very large - can be 60 meters long |
| Characteristics of Diatoms? | - single celled - found in salt water and fresh water - make up a large percentage of phytoplankton - cell walls contain glasslike substance called silica |
| Characteristics of Dinoflagellates? | - most are single celled - have 2 whiplike strands called flagella ( used to help them move spin through water) |
| What are the 3 heterotrophs that can move? | - Sometimes called protozoans 1) Amoebas 2) Zooflagellates 3) Ciliates |
| What are amoebas? | - soft jelly like protozoans - found in freshwater, salt water, soil and and in other parasites - look shapeless but are highly structured cells |
| What are shelled amoebic like protists? | - radiolarian shells look like glass ornaments - foraminiferans have snail like shells |
| Describe amoebic movement | - move with pseuclopodia - also use pseudopodia to catch food |
| What does pseudopodia mean? | false feet |
| Characteristics of zooflagellates | - wave flagella back and forth to move - some are parasites that cause disease - some live in mutualism with other organisms |
| What is mutualism? | when 1 organism lives closely with another example: glardia lambila |
| Characteristics of ciliates? | - have hundreds of tiny, hairlike structures called cilia - can beat up to 60 times a second - also use cilia for feeding - example: paramecium |
| Name heteroitrophs that cannot move | 1) Spore - forming protists 2) Water Molds 3) Slime Molds |
| Characteristics of spore forming protists? | -many are parasites -have no cilia or flagella |
| Characteristics of Water Molds? | - most are protists and single celled - live in water, moist soil or other organisms -many are parasites |
| Characteristics of Slime Molds? | - can only move at certain phases of its life - look like thin, colorful, shapeless, globs of slime - live in cool, moist, places in woods - use pseudopodia to move when they can - form spores when environmental conditions are stressful |
| What are the main characteristics of fungi? | - eukaryotic heterotrophs - rigid cell walls help to give them structure - no chlorophyll |
| How do fungi get their food? | - absorb nutrients - decompose dead matter - parasites in organisms - mutualism |
| What is hyphae? | threadlike fungal filaments |
| What is mycelium? | the twisted mass that forms when hyphae grow together |
| How do fungi reproduce? | fungi can reproduce asexually in two ways: 1) break apart and each new piece becomes a new fungus 2) production by spores Sexual reproduction in fungi happens when special structurs form to make sex cells. |
| what are the 4 kinds of fungi? | 1) threadlike 2) sac 3) club 4) imperfect |
| Characteristics of threadlike fungi | - most live in soil and are decomposers - reproduce sexually and asexually ex: black bread mold |
| Characteristics of sac fungi | - largest group of fungi - yeast, powdery mildew, truffles -reproduce sexually (form an ascus) anbd asexually - many are parasites that cause plant disease |
| Characteristics of club fungi | - umbrella shaped - mushrooms - reproduce sexually (grow hyphae called basidia) - most familliar mushrooms are gill fungi |
| Characteristics of imperfect fungi | - includes all species that do not fit into a group - reproduce asexually - most are parasites - ex: athletes foot - penicillium is the source for penicillin |
| Characteristics of lichen | - all algae lives inside a fungus - it is a combination of a fungus and algae in a mutualism relationship - they produce their food through photosynthesis, so they are producers - lichens can be found in almost any environment |
| What is binary fission | asexual reproduction where cell splits in two |
| What is multiple fission | asexual reproduction when cell splits into more than two |
Created by:
smholt