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MTanyaCSolChemVocab
Tanya Cooper Solution Chemistry Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Solute | the substance dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase |
| Aqueous | term used to describe a system which involves water; also applied to a solution or mixture in which water is the solvent |
| Freezing Point depression | the difference between the freezing points of a pure solvent and a solution of a nonelectrolyte in that solvent; is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
| Boiling Point elevation | the difference between the boiling point of a pure solvent and a nonelectrolyte of that solvent; directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solution |
| Saturated | a solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
| Unsaturated | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
| Supersaturated | a solution that contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
| Distillation | a process in which heat is used to separate two or more liquids that have different boiling points |
| Filtering | blocking certain objects or substances while letting others through with a filter |
| Chromatography | a method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemicals |
| Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specified temperature |
| Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties |
| Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout |
| Heterogeneous | not having a uniform composition throughout |
| Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated |
| Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions |
| Dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves |
| Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current |
| Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current |
| Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution |
| Ionic equation | equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominate form of all species in aqueous solution or in contact with water |
| Molecular equation | equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as if all substances existed as molecules; only complete formulas are used |
| Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction |
| Acid | a chemical compound that dissociates in solution, releasing hydrogen ions and lowering the solution pH (a proton donor) |
| Base | a substance that neutralizes acids; a chemical species that donates electrons or hydroxide ions or that accepts protons |
| Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules |
| Oxidation | a reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state |
| Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases |
| Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution |
| Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
| Dilution | the process of adding solvent to a solution to make it less concentrated |
| Titration | the controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration |
| Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution |
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