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digsyst
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| structure that regulates the entrance of food into the duodenum | pyloric |
| digestive juice that breaks down protein into amino acids | trypsin |
| largest organ in the body | liver |
| inflammation of the intestine caused by bacterial or viral infection is called | enteritis |
| chronic progessive inflammatory disease that permanently damages the liver is | cirrhosis |
| adult alimnetary canal from the month to the anus is about how many feet long | 30ft |
| the nerves and bloody supply of the teeth are contained in the | pulp cavity |
| what is purpose of bile in the digestive process | break down fats |
| digestive actions of the stomach begin when they are stimulated by | nervous system |
| which of following actions begins as voluntary process and then becomes an involuntary process | swallowing |
| process is regulated by secretions of the thyroid gland | metabolism |
| periondontal disease is a bacterial infection in the | gums |
| many common diseases of the digestive system previously believed to be caused by | viruses |
| habitually delaying defecation when the need is present can lead to, | constipation |
| what is an accessory organ of digestion consisting of skeletal muscles that lie in many different planes | tongue |
| what are the teeth that start to erupt at about 6 months of age and continue emerging until about 2 years | deciduious |
| average person produces between 1 and 3 pints of | gas per day |
| each part of the ailimentary canal contributes to the | digestive process |
| gum infections can lead to serious conditions such as | heart disease |
| vermiform appendix has no known function in the | digestive system |
| important function of the colon is to help regulate the body's | water balance |
| digestive organ that is not part of the alimentary canal | liver |
| may lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance | diarrhea |
| hidden blood in stool is called | hemoccult |
| average person produces between 1 and 3 pints of | gas per day |
| each part of the ailimentary canal contributes to the | digestive process |
| gum infections can lead to serious conditions such as | heart disease |
| vermiform appendix has no known function in the | digestive system |
| important function of the colon is to help regulate the body's | water balance |
| which of the following terms are synonyms | gastrointestinal tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal |
| a digestive organ that is part of the alimentary canal is the, | stomach small intestine large intestine pharynx |
| gi tube layer responsible for the actions of segmentation and peristalis is | muscularis externa |
| proteins secreted in saliva | lysozyme:IGa:mucin:amylase (LIMA) |
| closure of which valve is assisted by the diaphragm | gastroesopageal |
| smooth muscle is found in the | esophagus |
| which of these organs lies in the right hypochondriac region of the abdomen | liver |
| which phases of gastic secretion depend on the vagus nerve | cephalic:gastric |
| which of the following are tied to sdium transport | glucose, galactose, amino acids |
| excess iron is stored primarily in the | duodenal epithelium |
| which cell occurs in the stomach mucosa, contains abundent mitochondria, and many microvilli and pumps hydrogen ions | parietal cells |
| defiency if which of these vitamins results in anemia | folic acid |
| vitamins that act as coensymes in the krebs cycle | riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid |
| chemicals that can be used for gluconeogeneisis include | amino acids and glycerol |
| chemiosmotic process involeves | buildup of hydrogen ion concentration, electron transport, oxidation and reduction, atp synthase |
| liver functions | form urea and form ketone bodies |
| which events occur during the absorptive state | lipogenesis and increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles |
| hormones that act to decrease blood glucose level include | insulin |
| fatty acids are used for fuel, amino acids are converted to glucose, lipolysis occurs in adipose tissue | postabsorptive state |
| which transport particles carry cholesterol desined for excretion from the body | HDL |
| glucose or its metabolites can be converted to | glycogen, triglycerides, nonessential amino acids |
| basal metabolic rate is measured by | kcal per square meter of skin per hour |
| which of the following types of heat transfer invloves heat loss in the form of infrated waves | radiation |
| PKU is the result of inability to metabolize | phenylalanine |
| for the broken down foods to be made available to the body cells, they must be absorbed through the digestive system walls into the | blood |
| the organs that forming a contunuous tube from the mouth to the anus are collectively called the | alimentary or gi tract |
| organs located outside the digestive tract proper:which secrete their products into the digestive tract are referred to as | acessory digestive system organ |
| structure that are masses of lymphatic tissue | palentine tonsils |
| produce an enzyme poor juice containing mucus found in the submucosa of small intestine | intestinal glands |
| secretion includes maylase which begins starch digestion in the mouth | salivary glands |
| ducts a variety of enzymes in an alkaline fluid into the dupdenum | pancreas |
| produces bile which is transported to the duodenum via the bile duct | liver |
| produce hydrochloric acid and pesinogen | gastric glands |
| structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall | mesentery |
| fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine | villi |
| collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine | peyers patches |
| folds of the small intestine wall | plicae circulares |
| two anatomical regions involved in the physical breakdown of food | oral cavity and stomach |
| common passage for food and air | pharynx |
| three extensions/modifcations of the peritoneum | greater omentum lesser omentum mesentry |
| food chute has no digestive or absortive role | esophagus |
| folds of the stomach mucosa | rugae |
| saclike outpocketings of the large intestine wall | haustra |
| projections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cells surface area | microvilli |
| prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine | ileocecal valve |
| organ responsible for most food and water absorption | small intestine |
| organ primarily involved in water absorption and feves formation | colon |
| area between the teeth and lips/cheeks | vestibule |
| blind sac hanging from the initial part of the colon | appendix |
| organ in which protein digestion begins | stomach |
| membrane attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach | lesser omentum |
| organ into which the stomach empties | small intestine |
| sprincter controlling the movement of food from the stomach into the duodenum | pyloric sphincter |
| region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body | anal canal |
| digestive foods must first enter the mucosal cells by active or passive transport process, small intestine is the major absorptive site | absorption |
| uvula hangs from its posterior edge | soft palate |
| serosa of the abdominal vacity wall | parietal peritoneum |
| anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity supported by bone | hard palate |
| serous membrane forming part of the wall of the small intestine | visceral peritoneum |
| decisious teeth begin to appear around the age of | 6 months |
| material covering the tooth root | cementum |
| forms the bulk of tooth structure | dentin |
| collection of blood vessels,lymphatic,nerve fibers | pulp |
| cells that produce this substance degenerate after tooth eruption | enamel |
| transport of nutrients from lumen to blood | absorption |
| involunary and invloves alternating waves of contaction and relaxtion of the muscles in the organ wall, | peristalsis |
| three sugars common in our diet, | glucose fructose galactose |
| receptors once activated or inhibit the glands that secrete digestive juices into the lume or hormaones into the blood 2 the smooth muscles of the mysclaris that mix and propel the foods along the tract, | mechanorecptors chemorecptors |
| gastric juices is regulated by both | nueral and hormonal factors |
| break down double sugars into simple sugars and complete protein digestion | brush border enzymes |
| protein food must be digested to __ before they can be absorbed | amino acids |
| simple sugar most important because it is the sugar referred to as blood sugar | glucose |
| absorbed from the digestive tract by ATP | amino acids, simple sugars, electrolytes |
| abosorbed passivley by osmosis or diffusion | water, fatty acids |
| most likely to be absorbed into a lacteal rather than into the capillary bid of villus | fatty acids |
| most substance for producing the energy rich ATP | carbs |
| important in building myelin sheaths and membranes | fats |
| tend to be conserved by cells | amino acids |
| importnat food source for making cellular energy | fats |
| form insulating deposits around body organs and beneath the skin | fats |
| used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes | amino acids |
| phase that produces the larges amount of ATP | electron transport chain |
| phase combines energetic H atoms with molecular oxygen | electron transport chain |
| oxiodative phase tht does not require oxygen | glucose |
| phases that require oxygen | krebs cycle, electron transport chains |
| produces all the carbon dioxide and water that results during cell repiration | krebs cycle |
| most important factore in determining a person BMR | thyroxine |
| condition in which large amounts of mycus are produces, clogging respiratory passsageways and panreatic ducts | cystic fibrosis |
| promotes growth, maintenance and repair of the body | nutrients |
| foods except proteins are used as fuelds to form | ATP |
| 4 main tissue layers of the alimentary canal | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa |
| lines the abdominal cavity wall | vesceral peritoneum |
| produces hydrocloric acid, pepsin, rennin, mucus, gastin and intriniscc factor | gastric glands |
| dmall intestine subdivisions | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| small intestine subdivsions | cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse and descending colon, rectum, anal canls |
| salivary glands | parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| soft gland lying in the mesentry bewtween the stomach and small intestine | pancreas |
| muscular sac that stores and concentrated bile | gallbladder |
| building blocks of carbohydrates | simple sugears, monosaccharides |
| building blocks of fats or lupids | fatty acids and glycerol |
| churning occurs here | stomache |
| muscluar tube connecticing the laryngeopharynx with the stomach | esophagas |
| produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions | gallbladder |
| secretes a sunstance that initiates carbsohydrate digestion | salivary glands |
| segementation occurs here | small intestine |
| part of the stomach that the strongest peristaltic waves occurs | pylorus |
| realse of cck leads to | contraction of the gallbladder wall and release of enzynmes by the pancreas |
| the ph of chyme entering the duodenum is adjusted by | ecternal anal sphincter |
| hormones that act to decrease blood glucose level | insulin |
| material that forms the bulk of a tooth is | dentin |
| in glycolysis glucose is oxidized, what is reduced | oxygen |
| form at 6-8 months | central incisors |
| form at 8-10 months | lateral incisors |
| form and 16-20 months | canine |
| form at 10-15 months | first molar |
| form about 2 years | second molar |
| form at 7years | central incisors |
| forma at 8 yeras old | lateral incisors |
| forms at 11 year olds | first premolar |
| form at 12-13 years old | second premolar |
| form at 6-7 years old | 1st molar |
| forms 12-13 years old | second molar |
| forms 12-25 years old | thirds |
| a baby has a full set of teeth by the age of 2 years | 20 |
| incisors role | cutting |
| canines role | tearing or piercing |
| premolars and molars | grinding |
| connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers called pulp | pulp cavity |
| bicarbonage rich (alkaline juice that begins the process of stach digestion in the nouth | salivary amylase |
| has an endocrine function and produces the hormones unsulin and glucagon | pancreas |
| delicate mesentery cord | falciform ligament |
| bile leaves the liver throught the common hepatic duct and enters the duodenum through the | bile duct |
| yello to green watery solution containing bile salts, bile pigments chloesterol, phospholipids, electrolytes | bile |
| convex lateral sufave of the stomach | greater curvature |
| concave medial surface | lesser curvature |
| bony attachments in the tongue | hyoid and styloid processes of the skull |
| fold of mucous membrance secures the tongue to the floor of the moouth and limits posterio movements | frenulum |
| felsy gingerlike prohjection of the soft palate which extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate | uvula |
| area contained by the teeth | oral cavity proper |
| covers the base of the tongue and just beyond | lingual tonsil |
| myscular tube that winds through the vental body cavity and is open at both ends | alimentary canal or gi tract |
Created by:
bisonlea