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chapter 1- 6 vocab
Vocab from chemisty honors review for midterm
| Definition | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes | Chemistry |
| Is also known as a chemical, matter which definite and uniform composition? | Substance |
| A measure that reflects the amount of matter | Mass |
| Anything that has mass and takes up space | Matter |
| A measure of an amount of matter and also the effect of Earth's gravitational pull on that matter. | Weight |
| A systematic approach used in scientific study; an organized process used by scientists to do research and to verify the works of others. | Scientific methods |
| Information that describes color,odor or other physical characteristics. | Qualitative data |
| Numerical information or data i.e. size and weight. | Quantitative data |
| Describes a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments. | Scientific law |
| A defined unit in a system of measurement that is based on an object or event in the physical world | Base unit |
| Used to express any number between 1 and 10 multiplied by 10 raised to a power. | Scientific Notation. |
| The SI unit for length. | Meter |
| The SI base unit for mass. | The Kilogram |
| The SI base unit for temperature. | Kelvin |
| A unit that is defined by a combination of base units. | Derived unit |
| The SI base unit for Volume. | Liter |
| How close a measured value is to an accepted value | Accuracy |
| How close a series of measurements are to one another. | Percision |
| All known figures plus one estimated digit | Significant Figures |
| The ability or inability of a substance to combine or change into one or more new subtances. | Chemical property |
| A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample. | Physical Property |
| Matter that change not change its shape or voulme due to its particles that are thigh and rigid. | Solid |
| A form of matter that flows that conforms to its container but its volume does not change. | Liquid |
| A form of matter that both conforms to its container and expamds to fill it. | Gas |
| A gaseous state of a subtance that is a solid or liquid at room temperature. | Vapor |
| A process involing one ore more subtances changing into new substances aka a chemical reaction. | Chemical Change |
| States that mass is neither created nor destoryed during a chemical reaction but is conserved. | Law of Conservation of mass |
| A transition of matter from one state to another. | Phase of Change |
| A type of change that alters the physical properties of a subtance but does not change its compostion. | Physical Change |
| A physical blend of two or more pure substances in any proportion. | Mixture |
| One that does not have an uniform compostion and in which the indiviual substance remain distinct. | A Heterogeneous Mixture |
| One that has a uniform compostion throughtout and always has a single phase aka a solution | Homogenous Mixture |
| A Homogenous mixtures are also named. | Solution |
| A chemical combination of any two or more different element. In which the elements can be broken down by chemical means and have different properties from those of its component elements. | Compound |
| A pure subtance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by physical or chemical means. | Element |
| A percentage determined by the ratio of each elements to the total mass of the compound. | Percent by mass |
| A chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows and vertical columns arranged by increasing atomic number. | Periodic table |
| The smallest particle of an element retains all properties of an element and is electrically netrual, sphereically shaped and is composed of electrons,protons and neutrons. | An Atom |
| A negatively charged, fast-moving particle with an extermely tiny mass that is found in all forms of matter and moves through the empty space surrounding the atom's nucleus. | An Electron |
| A subatomic particle that located in the necleus of an atom and is postively charged. | Proton |
| A subatomic particle that is netural and is located in the necleus. | Neutron |
| The extremly small, positivetly charged, densed center of an atom that houses the protons and neutrons. | Nucleus |
| The number of protons in an atom. | Atomic umber |
| Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. | Isotope |
| The weighted average mass of the isotopes of the elements. | Atomic mass |
| A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space. | Electromagnetic radiation |
| Is the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave. | Wavelength |
| Is the number of waves that pass a given point per second. | Frequency |
| The wave's height from the origin to a trough. | Amplitude |
| Includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, frequency etc. | Electromagnetic spectrum |
| Is the minimum amount of energy that can be gained and lost or gained by atoms. | Quantum |
| Electrons that are emitted from metal with a frequency. | Photoelectric effect |
| Is a mass less particle that carries a quantum of energy. | Photon |
| A spectrum of an element that is the set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the elements. | Atomic emission spectrum |
| The lowest allowable energy state of an atom. | Ground State |
| The number assigned to each orbital. | Quantum number |
| An atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves aka The mechanical model of the atom. | Quantum Mechanical Model of The Atom |
| A three dimensional region around the nucleus. | Atomic Orbital |
| Is assigned by the quantum mechanical model of the atom to indicates relative size and energy of atomic orbitals | Principal Quantum Number(n) |
| The energy levels contained within the principal energy levels. | Energy sublevels |
| The arrangment of electrons in an atom, which is exampled in three rules. | Electron Configuration |
| Rule 1: States that every electron must occupy the lowest energy level. | Aufbau Principle |
| Rule 2: states that a there can only 2 electrons max. occupying a single orbital but only when there is 1 up can there a down arrow. | Pauli exculsion Principle |
| Rule 3: All obrital must have an up arrow in each before any can have a down in it. | Hund's rule |
| The electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element. | Valence electrons |
| The vertical column of elements in the perodic table arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers aka a family | Group |
| Are the families of the groups in the same row. | Period |
| The groups in row 1,2, 3 13 to 18 are widely of chemical and physical properties are called this to specific them. | Representative element |
| Elements in groups 3 to 12 in the modern periodical table that are contained in block d. | Transition element |
| Elements that are shiny when flat, clean, is a solid at room, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity.(expect for mercury) | Metal |
| Group 1 (expect hydrogen)in the periodic table are usually compounds with other elements. | Alkali metal |
| Are two groups two the periodical table, which are highly reactive. | Alkaline earth metal |
| Elements in groups of 3 to 12 of the periodical table contained in block b, some exceptions fill the outer most s orbital.= | Transition metal |
| A type of group B elements that contains the f- orbital. | Inner transition metal |
| In the periodical table, the f-block elements from period 6 that follow the element lanthanum. | Lanthanide series |
| In the periodical table the f-block elements from that follows the elements function. | Actinide series |
| Elements that are generally gases or dull, brittle solids that poor conductors of heat and electricity. | Nonmetal |
| An extremely unreactive group of 18 elements. | Noble gas |
| An element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals. | Metalloid |
| A highly reactive group of 17 elements. | Halogen |
Created by:
srdrama
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