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HumanAP MidTerm Exam
Human A and P MidTerm Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What characteristics of life are shared by all organisms? | circulation, growth, digestion, reproduction, excretion, movement, stimulation, |
| What basic requirements do all organisms share? | water, food, oxygen, heat and pressure |
| What is an example of a positive feedback mechanism? | milk production in mammary glands |
| What is the most complex level of organization? | organ system |
| Skin or bone is an example of what level of organization? | organ |
| The ______________ of the body includes the spinal cord. | vertebral cavity |
| The ______________ of the body includes the stomach, kidneys, and spleen. | abdominal cavity |
| The _____________of the body includes the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. | pelvic cavity |
| The ____________ system houses the body's disease-fighting cells. | lymphatic |
| The ______________ system includes all the glands that secrete hormones. | endocrine |
| The ______________ system is responsible for protection and regulation of temperature. | integumentary |
| The thoracic cavity is _______________ to the abdominal cavity. | superior |
| The nose is _____________ to the eyes. | medial |
| The ears are __________ to the eyes. | lateral |
| Anatomy is a term which means the study of _____. | morphology |
| A study dealing with the function of an organ would be an example of _____. | physiology |
| What is the smallest level of organization considered to be living? | cell |
| What are the levels of organization from simplest to most complex? | cell, tissue, organ, organ systen, organism |
| What term means the same as ventral in humans? | anterior |
| A tumor on the side of the abdomen is on the _____ surface of the body. | lateral |
| The chin can be described as being on the _____ surface of the skull. | superior |
| Which term means the same as cheek? | buccal |
| What does the term brachial mean? | arm |
| What is the term that means the eye? | orbital |
| What are tissues? | similar, specialized cells |
| How are tissues classified? | according to cellular appearance and function |
| What are the functions of skin? | provides a protective convering, regulate body temperature, retards water loss, houses sensory systems, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes wastes |
| Where are the cells of the epidermis that reproduce? | stratum basale |
| What is the pigment that helps protect the deepest layers of the epidermis and the dermis? | melanin |
| What are accessory organs of the skin? | sweat glands, sebaceous glands, finger and toe nails, and hair |
| What are the glands that are associated with hair follicles callled? | sebaceous glands |
| What are the functions of bone? | storage of inorganic salts, provide shape, support and protection, produce red blood cells, and provide points of attachment for muscles |
| Where is yellow marrow located on a long bone? | medullary cavity |
| What are the finger and toe bones called? | phalanges |
| What is the muscle that compresses the cheeks inward when it contracts? | buccinators |
| What is the muscle that abducts the upper arm and can both flex and extend the humerus? | triceps brachii |
| What muscle produces plantar flexion? | gastrocnemius |
| What system are the nerves that extend from the nervous system part of? | peripheral nervous system |
| What part of the nervous system makes conscious decisions possible? | motor function |
| What are the organs of the central nervous system? | brain and spinal cord |
| What is the function of the cell body? | to process information from the dendrites |
| What is the function of the cerebrum? | provides higher mental functions |
| What are the special senses? | smell, taste, hearing, equilibrium, and sight |
| What is the function of a chemoreceptor? | Stimulated by changes in the chemical concentration of substances |
| What is the function of mechanoreceptors? | Respond to changes in pressure or movement |
| What is a sensation? | A feeling that occurs when the brain interprets sensory impulses |
| What is referred pain? | When visceral pain may feel as if it is coming from some part of the body other than the part being stimulated. |
| What is acute pain? | sharp |
| What is chronic pain? | dull |
| What are the primary taste sensations? | sweet, salty, bitter, sour |
| What is the role of neurotransmitters? | Transmission impulses across a synapse |
| What is the function of withdraw reflexes? | limit potential damage |
| What carries impulses away from the cell body? | axon |
| How many dendrites and axons does a neuron have? | one axon, many dendrites |
| What are phagocytic neurological cells that detect unhealthy neurons? | microglial cells |
| What transmits impulses into brain or spinal cord from receptors. | sensory neuron |
| What can carry the informative signals across the synapse from the axon to the next dendrites? | neurotransmitters |
| What is the rapid sequence of depolarization and repolarization in the axon of a neuron? | action potential |
| What is the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector? | synapse |
| When does an action potential occur? | when there is a depolarization |
| What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system? | spinal and cranial nerves |
| What lobe of the brain is responsible for sight? | occipital |
| What lobe of the brain is associated with planning, reasoning, movement and speech? | frontal |
| What are the functions of the temporal lobe? | hearing, speech and memory |
| What area of the brain is responsible for maintaining posture, balance, and coordination? | cerebellum |
| What are the three parts of the brain stem? | pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata |
| How do the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with one another? | corpus callosum |
| What is the movement of sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane depend on? | changes in the electric charge |
| What are the three structural classifications of neurons? | multipolar, bipolar, unipolar |
| What is the left hemisphere responsible for? | science and math skills |
| Where are the receptors for somatic senses located? | skin |
| What are Meissner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles sensitive to? | touch and pressure |
| Which areas of the brain regulates the detection of pain impulses? | thalamus |
| What are the receptors for taste and smell? | chemoreceptors |
| What suppresses acute and chronic pain impulses which relieve severe pain? | enkephalins |
| What is the most sensitive part of a taste bud? | taste hairs |
| What is the function of saliva? | dissolving the chemicals that cause taste |
| What foods can stimulate pain receptors? | chili peppers and ginger |
| How many taste buds does each receptor have? | 50-150 |
| How does the number of taste buds in humans compare to those in cats and dogs? | humans have many more |
| What are the two types of equilibrium? | static and dynamic |
| What is the macula? | structure that detects motion of the head |
| What other sense is equilibrium most closely related to? | hearing |
| What is the vestibule? | bony chamber between the semicircular canals and the cochlea |
| What organ can help you even when your balance is off? | eyes |
| What is the function of cones? | color vision with sharp images |
| What is the function of rods? | black, white vision |
| What is rhodopsin? | the light sensitive biochemical in rods |
| What is the gland that secretes tears and carries tears to nasal cavity? | lacrimal apparatus |
| What is it called when your retina focuses and bends the light waves? | refraction |
| What is the conjunctiva? | covers the surface of the eyelids and folds back to cover anterior surface of eyeball |
| What muscle raises the eyelid? | orbicularis oculi |
| Where are hearing receptors located? | organ of corti |
| What organ of the ear can cause a popping sound when on an airplane? | eustachian tube |
| What are the three parts of the outer ear? | auricle, eardrum, external acoustic meatus |
| What are the three parts of the middle ear? | malleus, stapes, and incus |
| What is the first step in the generation of sensory impulses from the ear? | sounds waves enter external acoustic meatus |
| Where are olfactory receptors located? | within the cilia of a neuron’s dendrites |
| What other sense is smell closely related to? | taste |
| What kind of receptors are associated with the olfactory sense? | chemoreceptors |
| What are the chemicals that stimulate olfactory receptors? | odorant molecules |
| What is it called when you have partial or complete loss of smell? | anosmia |
Created by:
aandersonbiology