a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.

All forms of therapy have which three essential features?

sufferer, healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer

The four Ds of abnormality are:

deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger

The role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology is to:

detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning

Mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans?

melancholia, dementia, hysteria

Which of the following is true regarding the Four Ds of abnormality?

None of the four Ds is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality

According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of their abnormal behaviors, which of the following steps would be taken?

The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person

The term eugenics refers to which of the following?

A political policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing

According to research conducted on eccentric people, what is true?

hey have fewer emotional problems then the general population.

s the biggest limitation of correlational research?

It does not allow conclusions about cause and effect relationships

Help

Options

focusNode

Didn't know it?
click below

Knew it?
click below

Don't Know

Remaining cards (0)

Know

retry

shuffle

restart

0:00

Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

Normal Size Small Size show me how

AbnormalMidterm

Question	Answer
__________ argues that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can control people whose unusual patterns of functioning threaten the social order.	Thomas Szasz
A lycanthrope is more commonly known as a:	werewolf
A trephine is	a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.
All forms of therapy have which three essential features?	sufferer, healer, and a series of contacts between healer and sufferer
Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is called?	mental instability
General paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms, including paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by?	syphilis
Judgments of abnormality depend on _______________ as well as on cultural norms.	specific circumstances
The Boston schoolteacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America was:	Dorothea Dix
The four Ds of abnormality are:	deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger
The policy of releasing patients from public mental hospitals was known as:	deinstitutionalization
The role of a clinical practitioner in abnormal psychology is to:	detect, assess, and treat abnormal patterns of functioning
Mental disorders described by ancient Greeks and Romans?	melancholia, dementia, hysteria
Before the 1950s, almost all outpatient care for psychological disturbances took the form of:	private psychotherapy
The treatment mechanism associated with touching a troubled area of a patient's body with a special rod was:	mesmerism
Earliest used to describe those who we now refer to as mentally ill?	unstable
Which of the following is true regarding the Four Ds of abnormality?	None of the four Ds is, by itself, an adequate gauge of psychological abnormality
According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of their abnormal behaviors, which of the following steps would be taken?	The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person
Which of the following terms, which has come to mean a chaotic uproar derived its name from a London hospital where mentally ill patients were treated in horrendous ways?	Bedlam
The work of Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of 32 _____________ around the country?	state hospitals
The term eugenics refers to which of the following?	A political policy of preventing those who suffer from mental illness from reproducing
Which German physician was the first to specialize in mental illness and is now considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology?	Johann Weyer
In the middle ages in Europe, people who suffered the bite of a wolf spider believed that the only way to rid themselves of the resulting symptoms was to do a dance called a ________.	tarantella
The job of a __________________ is to gather information systematically so that they may describe, predict, and explain the phenomena they study.	clinical scientist
What percentage of current psychology graduate students are female?	66%
The ___________ perspective views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological.	psychogenic
Trying to correct the social conditions that give rise to psychological problems and identifying individuals who are at risk for developing emotional problems is known as:	prevention
The area of psychology concerned with the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities is:	positive psychology
Today, the dominant form of insurance coverage for mental health patients is:	managed care
The French physician __________ was associated with asylum reform at La Bictre.	Philippe Pinel
According to research conducted on eccentric people, what is true?	hey have fewer emotional problems then the general population.
The first asylum to treat the mentally ill was established in:	Spain
A/An ________ experiment may use animals as subjects in order to learn more about human beings.	analogue
Clinical practitioners seek a/an ______ understanding of abnormal behavior.	idiographic
Clinical researchers look for _________ truths about the causes and treatments of abnormality.	nomothetic
Studies that reveal the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are known as	epidemiological studies.
The _________ effect is the term for a researchers unintentionally transmitting his or her expectations about the outcome of the research to a research subject.	Rosenthal
The Three Faces of Eve chronicles a _________ study of a woman who displayed three different personalities.	case
A study that investigates the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population is a(n ) _______________ study.	epidemiological
s the biggest limitation of correlational research?	It does not allow conclusions about cause and effect relationships
If you want to compare a subject with him/herself under different conditions rather than comparing him/her to control subjects, you might choose a(n ) ______________ design.	ABAB
If a research subject is given drugs designed to intensify her symptoms, she is participating in a ____________ study.	symptom exacerbation
For the first half of the twentieth century, the cause of schizophrenia was thought to be:	inappropriate parenting.
A correlation coefficient is symbolized by the letter:	r
A disorders ____________ includes both existing and new cases, while a disorders __________ refers only to new cases emerging during a period of time.	prevalence; incidence
Researchers would most likely use a/an ___________ research design in order to compare children who have a history of child abuse with those who do not.	quasi-experimental
The ______ variable is what is manipulated in an experiment in order to determine if it has an effect on another variable.	independent
The "Genain" sisters all developed __________ in their twenties, and became famous research subjects.	schizophrenia
Most informed consent forms for clinical research are written at a/an ____________ level.	advanced college
THOMAS SZASZ argues that societies invent the concept of mental illness so that they can control people whose unusual patterns of functioning threaten the social order.
A 'lycanthrope' is more commonly known as a WEREWOLF.
A TREPHINE is a stone instrument used to cut away a circular section of the skull.
Behavior that is psychologically abnormal is NOT called MENTAL INSTABILITY.
General paresis, an irreversible disorder that causes physical and mental symptoms, including paralysis and delusions of grandeur, was found to be caused by SYPHILIS.
The Boston schoolteacher who made humane care a public and political concern in 19th century America was DOROTHEA DIX.
The four Ds of abnormality are DEVIANCE,DISTRESS,DYSFUNCTION, AND DANGER.
The treatment mechanism associated with touching troubled area with a special rod was MESMEREISM.
UNSTABLE was the earliest term used to describe the mentally ill.
NONE OF THE FOUR Ds IS, BY ITSELF, IS AN ADQUATE GAUGE OF ABNORMALITY.
BEDLAM is a term meaning chaotic uproar, derived from a London hospital where the mentally ill were treated horrendously.
Dorothea Dix's work led to the establishment of 32 STATE HOSPITALS around the country.
At present, NO SINGLE VIEWPOINT dominates the clinical field as the psychoanalytic perspective once did.
SOMATOGENIC was a 19th century perspective that described abnormal psychological functioning as having physical causes.
SPAIN held the first asylum to treat the mentally ill.
Eccentric people have FEWER emotional problems then the general population.
The French physician PHILIPPE PINEL was associated with asylum reform at La Bictre.
MANAGED CARE is the dominant form of insurance coverage for mental health patients.
The area of Psychology concerned with the study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities is POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY.
The PSYCHOGENIC perspective views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological.
66% of Psychology graduate students are female.
A middle age European term for a dance to cure a wolf spider bite was called TARANTELLA.
JOHANN WEYER was a German physician and was the first to specialize in mental illness, is the founder of modern psychopathology.
An ANALOGUE experiment may use animals as subjects to learn about humans.
Clinical practitioners seek an IDIOGRAPHIC understanding of abnormal behavior.
Clinical researchers look for NOMOTHETIC truths about the causes and treatments of abnormality.
The ROSENTHAL effect is when researchers unintentionally transmit their expectations of the outcome onto subjects.
A correlation coefficient is symbolized by the letter R.
Researchers would most likely use a QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL research design in order to compare children who have history of child abuse.
The INDEPENDENT variable is what is manipulated in an experiment in order to determine if it has an effect on another variable.
Most informed consent forms for clinical research are written at an ADVANCED COLLEGE level.
Experimenters can determine STATISTICAL significance, but only individuals and their clinicians can evaluate CLINICAL significance.
Which facet of experimental research is missing in a quasi-experimental design? RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
Gestalt therapy was developed by FRITZ PERLS.
Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters DOPAMINE and ENDORPHIN.
Huntingtons disease has been traced to a loss of cells in the FOREBRAIN.
In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as PARADIGMS.
Prozac is the trade name for FLUOXETINE.
The defense mechanism involved when a man with homosexual tendencies responds by taking a strong antigay stance is a REACTION FORMATION.
THE PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is accidental and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?
Approximately 6% of people claim that they never remember their dreams?
RELATIONAL PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients--figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?
Albert Bandura argued that in order to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of SELF-EFFICANCY.
OBJECT RELATIONS theorists believe that people are motivated by a need to have relationships and that severe problems between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development.
The HIPPOCAMPUS helps to control emotions and memory.
According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating RESISTANCE
EXISTENTIAL therapy encourages people to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and values.
According to Aaron Becks cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is __________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

According to the __________ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.

Schizophrenia has been linked to which of the following changes in neurotransmitter activity?

To which brain region does the cerebellum belong?

A _________ assessment would be used to assess unconscious drives and conflicts that may be at the root of abnormal functioning.

2. A diagnostic category that helps clinicians predict future symptoms or events has _______ validity.

3. A mental status exam is a form of ___________.

4. A person's intelligence quotient, or IQ, initially represented the ratio of a persons _______ age divided by his or her _________ age.

5. An assessment that asks people to respond to pictures by telling a story is the:
6. Anxiety disorders would be recorded on Axis ____ of a DSM-IV diagnosis.	1
7. Which of the following is true about the term nervous breakdown?	used by laypersons
8. Personality disorders would be recorded on Axis ____ of a DSM-IV diagnosis.	II
9. The ______ movement has tried to identify a set of common strategies that are present in the work of all effective therapists, regardless of the clinicians particular orientation.	rapproachment
10. The _______ produces a computerized motion picture of chemical activity throughout the brain.	PET scan
11. The polygraph is a form of _________ test.	Psychophysiological
12. Three important criteria for assessments are	Standardization, reliability, and validity
13. The ________ is a brain-imaging technique that creates a detailed picture of the brains structure and activity.	MRI
15. The specific details and background of a clients problem is called ____________ data, while established information about the nature and treatment of a particular illness is ____________ data.	idiographic; nomothetic
16. The collecting of relevant information in an effort to reach a conclusion is referred to as a(n) _________________.	assessment
17. An assessment tool shows high _____________ reliability if different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret it.	interrater
18. Which of the following groups of mental illnesses is not categorized as a family of neurotic disorders?	Eating disorders
19. ____________, an illness once common to Algonquin Indian hunters, was marked by the belief in a supernatural monster that ate human beings and had the power to bewitch them and turn them into cannibals.	Windigo
20. In 1883, Emil Kraepelin developed the first modern classification system for abnormal behavior, and his categories formed the foundation for psychological disorders found in which modern classification system?
2. This widely used neuropsychological test consists of nine cards, each displaying a simple design that subjects are asked to first copy on a piece of paper and then redraw from memory.	gastalt
Out of every 100 true statements, how many are incorrectly identified as false on a polygraph test?	8
A cluster of symptoms is known as a	syndrome
How many clinical scales are found on the MMPI (MMPI-2)?	10
According to a meta-analysis of treatment studies, the average person who received treatment was better off than ______ percent of the untreated control subjects.	75
An assessment tool has high ___________________ if it yields the same results every time it is given to the same people.	test-retest reliability
Which people are most likely to have been in therapy at some point in their lives?
Which disorder was claimed to be unique to African Americans who wanted to be free from slavery?
________is a disorder found in Malaya, the Philippines, Java, and some parts of Africa; it is thought to be caused by stress.	Amok
The failure of NASA to screen out astronaut Lisa Marie Novak highlights the importance of__________ in assessment tools.	predictive validity
Who was believed to have said that psychoanalysis could cause harm as well as good?	Sigmund Freud
What percentage of people in the United States will qualify for a DSM diagnosis at some point in their lives?	48%
About how many different forms of therapy are practiced in the clinical field?	400
_______________ are a family of antianxiety medication that include diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax).	Benzodiazepines

According to humanistic theorists, people develop generalized anxiety disorder when:	They repeatedly deny their true thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
According to Sigmund Freud, children experience ________________ when they are repeatedly prevented from expressing their id impulses.	b. neurotic anxiety
According to the biological perspective, malfunctioning of which neurotransmitter system contributes to generalized anxiety disorder?	d. GABA
What percent of Americans suffer from an anxiety disorder each year?	c. 18%
What perspective maintains that generalized anxiety disorder develops as a result of exposure to threatening environments?	d. sociocultural
The most widely applied method of biofeedback for the treatment of anxiety disorders is the
In ____________, the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the person suffering from the phobia observes.	a. vicarious conditioning
In _______________, researchers produce panic in subjects or clients by administering drugs or by instructing them to breathe, exercise, or simply think in certain ways.
d. biological challenge tests
In ___________s technique of rational-emotive therapy, practitioners point out the irrational assumptions held by clients, and suggest more appropriate assumptions.
b. Albert Ellis
Which neurotransmitter system may be irregular in people suffering from panic disorder?
d. norepinephrine
Which psychological perspective believes that people develop their compulsions as a result of random coincidence?
c. behavioral
Women are _____ as likely as men to experience panic disorder.
a. two times
Abnormal functioning in which areas of the brain has been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder?
c. orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei
One study of anxiety persons with anxiety disorders found that _____% actually suffered from multiple disorders.
b. 81
This type of therapy tries to help clients suffering from anxiety by providing empathy and genuine acceptance.
b. client-centered therapy
The ____________ perspective suggests that one way of acquiring a fear reaction that may turn into a phobia is through modeling, that is, through observation and imitation.
c. behavioral
To qualify for a DSM-IV diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, the excessive or ongoing anxiety or worry must last for at least ____ .
d. six months
To qualify for a DSM-IV diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a person must have suffered recurrent obsession or compulsions with significant distress or impairment lasting for more than _______________.
c. one hour a day
What suggestion is shared by both the metacognitive theory and the avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder?
d. that worrying serves some sort of positive function for the sufferer
Social phobia can be broken down into which of the following qualifiers?
a. narrow or broad
Which of the following is not a type of coronary heart disease?
a. essential hypertension
Ray and Louise Barnes have built a thriving business doing what?
b. cleaning up the remains left after homicides, suicides, accidents, and natural disasters
Psychologists have found that differences in which type of anxiety may appear soon after birth?
a. trait anxiety
When we encounter a stressor, the _____________ nervous system accelerates the automatic processes in our body, and after the stressor is over, the ___________ nervous system returns us to normal functioning.
d. sympathetic; parasympathetic
The heightened biochemical arousal of posttraumatic stress victims may eventually damage which parts of their brain?
d. hippocampus and amygdala
Less than 5 percent of subjects used to develop the Social Adjustment Rating Scale were:
b. African Americans.
Researchers have found evidence of abnormal activity of __________ and _________ in the urine, blood, and saliva of combat soldiers and rape victims.
b. cortisol and norepinephrine
The area of study that links stress and illness to the bodys immune system is known as:
c. psychoneuroimmunology.
Which of these techniques has been shown to be most helpful in the treatment of pain?
c. hypnosis
_____ percent of women and ____ percent of men exposed to a serious trauma may develop a stress disorder.
c. Twenty; 8
___________ suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder seem to benefit from talking about their experiences and sharing feelings of guilt with others who have had similar experiences.
c. Combat veterans
Research suggests that more than __________ of all victims of physical or sexual assault develop posttraumatic stress disorder.
c. one-third
Which technique has shown to help people gain control over involuntary bodily activities and has helped in the treatment of such conditions as asthma, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, and pain from burns?
c. biofeedback
If a victim of rape is treated with dignity and respect by the criminal justice system, what does research suggest is a likely outcome?
d. The victim will have a greater chance of recovering more successfully.
Which group had the highest substantial reaction to the events of September 11, 2001?
c. nonwhite Americans
Some studies indicate that ____________ treatment is the single most helpful intervention for persons with stress disorders, irrespective of the precipitating trauma.
b. exposure
Symptoms after a traumatic event that last for ____ may be diagnosed as acute stress disorder.
a. less than one month
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of _________ therapy.
behavioral
According to one study, children who were younger than ______ years old when their parents separated or divorced are more likely to develop stress-related disorders later in life.
10
Some studies have suggested that cancer patients with higher amounts of __________ have better immune system functioning and, in turn, more successful recoveries.
d. social support
Which of the following terms was used to describe symptoms of severe anxiety and depression experienced during World War II and the Korean War?
c. combat fatigue
Which condition has not been traditionally considered to be a psychophysiological disorder?
d. cancer
Which of the following is not listed in the DSM-IV as a method of reexperiencing traumatic events by one suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder?
d. delusions
Most clinicians believe that veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder cannot fully recover until what happens?
a. they come to grips with their combat experience and the impact that those experiences continue to have
More than ____ percent of rape victims were victimized by acquaintances or relatives.
c. 70
The __________________ assigns numerical values to stresses that most people experience at some time in their lives.
b. Social Adjustment Rating Scale
Variations in the types of situations that people find threatening is referred to as _____ anxiety.
b. state
Which group of lymphocytes produces antibodies?
d. B-cells
The hypothalamus activates which two bodily systems?
a. autonomic nervous system and endocrine system
The key psychological stress disorders are:
c. posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.
Dread and horror are part of the ______ responses to stress.
c. emotional
When stimulated by antigens, ______________ spring into action to help the body overcome foreign invaders.
b. lymphocytes
The neurotransmitter associated with the fight-or-flight response is
d. norepinephrine and epinephrine.
a. type A
When people are confronted with stressors, the hypothalamus signals the ________ gland to release the adrenocorticotropic hormone.
c. pituitary
When a physical ailment has no apparent medical cause, doctors may suspect a _________ disorder.
b. somatoform
A person who intentionally produces or fakes physical symptoms simply out of a wish to be a patient might be diagnosed with a
c. factitious disorder.
Psychodynamic theorists say that ___________ and ____________ are the two mechanisms at work in hysterical somatoform disorders.
c. primary gain; secondary gain
Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative disorders are caused by the defense mechanism of:
b. repression.
Symptoms of multiple personality disorder usually begin after episodes of:
c. abuse.
Melinda is a 23-year old woman who complains of chronic abdominal pain, dizziness, nausea, and lack of sexual desire, for which there was no organic cause. She would most likely be diagnosed with:
c. somatization disorder.
_________ is not a hysterical somatoform disorder.
c. Hypochondriasis
People with ___________ feel as though they have become separated from their body and are observing themselves from outside.
c. depersonalization disorder
Derek looked at his car, knew it was his, but felt like he had never seen it before. Derek may have been experiencing
a. jamais vu.
Behaviorists believe that the fears found in hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder have been acquired through:
c. classical conditioning or modeling.
Some argue that many cases of dissociative identity disorder are __________; that is, the symptoms are unintentionally produced by the therapist treating the patient.
a. iatrogenic
Behavioral theorists propose that the physical symptoms of hysterical disorders bring _________ to sufferers.
d. rewards
People who experience ____________ become deeply concerned about some imagined or minor defect in their appearance.
b. dysmorphophobia.
International studies have detected very high rates of somatization in non-Western medical practices throughout the world, with patients in ___________ countries displaying the largest number of such symptoms.
a. Latin
People who suffer from depersonalization disorder often experience a sensation known as ___________, or the feeling that their mind seems to be floating a few feet above them.
d. doubling
The ultimate goal of treatment for people with multiple personality disorder is:
c. integration of subpersonalities.
Therapists who take a ___________ approach to somatoform disorders try to force patients out of the sick role by straightforwardly telling them that their symptoms are without medical basis.
a. confrontational
Freud centered his explanation of hysterical disorders on the needs and conflicts experience by ________ in the _________ stage.
c. girls; phallic
Individuals with preoccupation somatoform disorders typically receive the kinds of treatment that are applied to ___________ or ___________ disorders.
a. generalized anxiety ; obsessive-compulsive
Dissociative disorders are primarily a major disruption of ____________.
b. memory
While most cases of dissociative identity disorder are first diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood, research suggests that the symptoms may often appear before the age of:
b. 5.
The final merging of two or more subpersonalities in a patient with dissociative identity disorder is known as:
b. fusion.
__________ are the quiet observers in someone with multiple personality disorder.
d. Co-conscious subpersonalities
People with ___________ suddenly travel to an entirely different location and cannot recall the details of their past lives.
c. dissociative fugue
Some studies have revealed that many patients with body dysmorphic disorder improve considerably when treated with ___________ drugs.
a. antidepressant
Todays leading explanations for hysterical somatoform disorders come from the:
d. psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive models.
People who suffer from dissociative fugue most often lose their ___________ memories, but retain their __________ memories.
d. episodic; semantic
One study found differences in _____________ in the brains of different subpersonalities in people with multiple personality disorders.
c. evoked potentials
An extreme and chronic form of factitious disorder is
b. Munchausen syndrome.
According to recent studies, which of the following is an accurate statement about the effect of placebos?
a. Belief or expectations can trigger certain chemicals throughout the body into action, and these chemicals may produce a medicinal effect.
Sodium amobarbital and sodium pentobarbital are often referred to as:
d. truth serums.
Chris Sizemore is the individual who was the subject of the famous book and movie __________ which catalogued a struggle with dissociative identity disorder.
b. The Three Faces of Eve
In case of __________ amnesia, a patient loses all memory of events that took place within a limited period of time, almost always beginning with some disturbing occurrence.
a. localized
Some ___________ theorists propose that hysterical disorders are forms of communication, providing a means for people to express emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey.
d. cognitive
The term "eugenics" refers to which of the following?	A political policy of preventing those who suffer frommental illness from reproducing

Created by: 1206150144

"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries: