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Embryology 191-193
Daily embryonic development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 things happen before egg laying? | 1. Fertilization 2. Division and growth of living cells 3. segregation of cells into groups of special functions |
| What thing happens between laying and incubation? | 1. virtually no growth. Stage of inactive embryonic life. |
| What happens on day one of incubation? | 1. development of blastoderm 2. major developments under a microscope from hrs 18-24 |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 18 hrs? | 18 hrs: appearance of alimentary tract |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 19 hrs? | 19 hrs: beginning of brain crease |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 20 hrs? | 20 hrs: appearance of vertebral column |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 21 hrs? | 21 hrs: beginning formation of brain and nervous system |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 22 hrs? | 22 hrs: beginning formation of head |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 23 hrs? | 23 hrs: appearance of blood island |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day one of incubation at 24 hrs? | 24 hrs: beginning formation of eyes |
| What 3 main thing happen on day 2 of incubation? | 1. embryo begins to turn of the left side 2. blood vessels appear in the yolk sac 3. major developments under a microscope at hrs 25, 30, 35, 36, and 46 |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day 2 of incubation at 25 hrs? | 25 hrs: beginning formation of veins and heart |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day 2 of incubation at 30 hrs? | 30 hrs: 2nd, 3rd, and 4th vesticles of brain clearly defined, as is heart, which now starts to beat |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day 2 of incubation at 35 hrs? | 35 hrs: beginning formation of ear pits |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day 2 of incubation at 36 hrs? | 36 hrs: first sign of amnion |
| What is the major development under a microscope on day 2 of incubation at 46 hrs? | 46 hrs: formation of the throat |
| What 2 things happen on day 3 of incubation? | 1. beginning of formation of nares, wings, legs and allantois 2. amnion completely surrounds embyro |
| What 3 things happen on day 4 of incubation? | 1. beginning formation of the tongue 2. embryo completely separate from yolk sac & turned on left side 3. allantois breaks through amnion 3. allantois |
| What 2 things happen on day 5 of incubation? | 1. proventriculus and gizzard formed 2. formulation of reproductive organs- sex division |
| What 3 things happen on day 6 of incubation? | 1. beginning formation of beak and egg tooth 2. main division of legs and wings 3. voluntary movement begins |
| What 2 things happen on day 7 of incubation? | 1. indications of digits in legs and wings 2. abdomen more prominent due to development of viscera |
| What thing happens on day 8 of incubation? | 1. beginning formation of feathers |
| What 2 things happen on day 9 of incubation? | 1. embryo begins to look bird-like 2. mouth opening appears |
| What 3 things happen of day 10 of incubation? | 1. beak starts to harden 2. skin pores visible to naked eye 3. digits completely separated |
| What thing happens on day 11 of incubation? | 1. days 10 to 12 tend to run together. no different changes on this day |
| What 2 things happen on day 12 of incubation? | 1. toes fully formed 2. first few visible feathers |
| What 2 things happen on day 13 of incubation? | 1. appearance of scales and claws 2. body fairly well covered in feathers |
| What thing happens on day 14 of incubation? | 1. embryo turns its head toward blunt end of the egg |
| What thing happens on day 15 of incubation? | 1. small intestines taken into body |
| What 3 things happen on day 16 of incubation? | 1. scales, claws & beak becoming firm & horny 2. embryo fully covered with feathers 3. albumen nearly gone & yolk increasingly important as nutrient |
| What thing happens on day 17 of incubation? | 1. beak turns toward air cell, amniotic fluid decreases & embryo begins preparation for hatching |
| What thing happens on day 18 of incubation? | 1. growth of embryo nearly complete |
| What 2 things happen on day 19 of incubation? | 1. yolk sac draws into body cavity through umbilicus 2. embryo occupies most of space within egg except air cell |
| What 3 things happen on day 20 of incubation? | 1. Yolk sac completely draws into body cavity 2. embryo becomes chick, breaks amnion, starts breathing air in cell 3. allantois ceases to function & starts to dry up |
| What happens on day 21 of incubation? | 1. The chick hatches |
| How can the development of the embryo be observed? | candling |
| How do you candle an egg? | holding a bright light on the large end of the egg in a darkened room & looking at the inside. |
| How did the term "candling" get its name? | From using a candle to look at the inside of the egg |
| What are the 3 important functions of candling? | 1. candling the egg before it's set will eliminate any cracked eggs from being set. cracked eggs wont hatch 2. helps determine which eggs are fertile 3. by candling the eggs every few days you can see the growth & development without breaking the egg |
| Do the principles of brooding change depending on the amount in the brooding unit? | no |
| What are the main principles of brooding? | must be kept warm, well fed, watered, protected from predators and dampness and provide with plenty of fresh air without being exposed to drafts |
| How long can newly hatched chicks survive on unabsorbed yolk? | about 2 days if necessary |
| Chicks with access to feed and water will begin to eat in drink in what period of time? | less than one day |
| At least 2 days prior to the expected hatch date you should ____? | build and or setup all necessary equipment |
| During the first week, what temperate should brooders be set at and where should the temperature be taken from? | 1. 95 degrees Fahrenheit 2. taken at 1 inch above the floor level, the height of the chicks back |
| After the first week how often and by how much do you change the temperature? | decrease it 5 degrees each week until room temperature is reached |
| what kind of litter should be on the brooder floor and why? | the brooder should have textured absorbent litter on the floor. If the floor is slippery the chick can damage their legs |
| What do you feed the chicks? | 18 to 22 percent protein chicken starter food. |
| Where should you store the chick food? | The feed can be placed in jar lids, egg cartoons, small cans or commercial chick feeder, any item which can hold enough feed to keep feed available at all times. |
| WHat should be available at all times? | water |
| What kind of watering equipment should you use? | one which prevents the chick from getting into it and drowning. |
| what can be bought or added to a quart jar to make a waterer? | commercially made water fountains |
| What should you clean daily and why? | The waterer and brooder. This will prevent odors & keep the brooder dry. Dampness provides favorable conditions for the developments of molds & bacteria. |
| How much spacing should you provide for the chicks? | 1 square foot for every 5 chicks |
Created by:
claremosko@yahoo.com