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Solution Chemistry
solutions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Solute | substance dissolved in a solution. |
| Solvent | the dissolving medium in a solution. |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase. |
| Aqueous | the term describes a system in which it involves water; also it applies to a solution or mixture in which water is the solvent. |
| Freezing Point depression | phenomenon that occurs when the freezing point of a liquid is lowered by adding another compound to it, such that the solution has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent. |
| Boiling Point elevation | occurs when the boiling point of a liquid is increased when another compound is added, such that the solution has a higher boiling point than the pure solvent. Boiling point elevation occurs whenever a non-volatile solute is added to a pure solvent. |
| Saturated | when a solution contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute |
| Unsaturated | when a solution contains less solute than a saturated solution under the existing conditions |
| Supersaturated | when a solution contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution contains under the same conditions |
| Distillation | the technique of heating a liquid to create vapor which is collected when cooled separate from the original liquid |
| Filtering | allowing certain objects or substances through while blocking others usually by using a membrane or layer. |
| Chromatography | the separation of chemicals through a set of laboratory techniques. |
| Solubility | the amount of a substance required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of a solvent at a specified temperature. |
| Mixture | a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains it's own identity and properties. |
| Homogeneous | having a uniform composition throughout. |
| Heterogeneous | not having a uniform composition throughout. |
| Suspension | a mixture in which the particles in the solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated. |
| Colloid | a mixture consisting of particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions forming mixtures known as colloid dispersions. |
| Disassociation | the seperation of ions that occurs when anionic compound dissolves |
| Electrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current. |
| Nonelectrolyte | a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that does not conduct an electric current. |
| Precipitate | a solid that is produced as a result of a chemical reaction in solution and that separates from the solution. |
| Ionic equation | an equation which only shows the atoms and ions that actually take part in the reaction. |
| Molecular equation | equation for a chemical reaction where all formulas are written as if all substances existed as molecules; only complete formulas are used. |
| Spectator ion | an ion that does not take part in a chemical reaction and is found in solution both before and after the reaction. |
| Acid | aqueous solution that has a sour taste, the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts, and the ability to turn blue litmus red. |
| Base | substance which gives off hydroxide ions in solution. |
| Neutralization | the reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules. |
| Oxidation | a reaction in which the atoms or ions of an element experience an increase in oxidation state. |
| Reduction | a reaction in which the oxidation state of an element decreases. |
| Molarity | the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution. |
| Molality | the concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent |
| Dilution | process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution; usually by just adding more solvent. |
| Titration | when one solution is added to another solution and it reacts under conditions in which the sum of the volume of may be measured accurately. |
| Concentration | a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solutions. |
Created by:
juangnzlz
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