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latin I midterm gram
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| if Metella does something, such as praising Grumio, the ___ is used | nominative |
| If Metella is receiving the action, the ___ is used | accusative |
| Metella Grumionem laudat. What case is Metella? | nominative |
| amicus metellam salutat. What case is Metella? | accusative |
| declension definition | a family of nouns |
| the nominative ending of the 1st declension sing is ___, and the accusative ends in ___ | a, am |
| the nominative ending of the 2nd declension sing is ___ (except with puer), and the accusative ends in ___ | us, um |
| the nominative ending of the 3rd declension sing is ___, and the accusative ends in ___ | various forms, nearly always em |
| Translate: I, you, we, you (plural) or y'all | ego, tu, nos, vos |
| Translate: I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are | sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt |
| Translate: I carry, you are carrying, she carries, we are carrying, y'all carry, they are carrying | porto, portas, portat, portamus, portatis, portant |
| comparatives are used to... | compare two or more things or groups with each other |
| Give: positive, comparative, and superlative of big/great/large (big, bigger, biggest) (it's irregular) | magna, maior, maximus |
| Give: positive, comparative, and superlative of good (it's irregular) | bonus, melior, optimus |
| Give: positive, comparative, and superlative of angry (plural) | irati, iratiores, iratissimi |
| Give: positive, comparative, and superlative of beautiful (it's irregular) | pulchra, pulchrior, pulcherrimus |
| Change to superlative: mater erat laeta | mater erat laetissima |
| ego, tu, nos, and vos are usually used only for ___ | emphasis |
| Do subjects have to be used in every sentence? | no, i.e., villam intravit still means: he entered the house. |
| What are the nominative plural endings for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension? | ae, i, es |
| Change to plural: actor clamat. femina plaudit. venalicius intrat. ancilla respondet. senex dormit. puella ridet. servus ambulat. mercator contendit. | actores clamant. feminae plaudunt. venalicii intrant. ancilae respondent. senes dormiunt. |
| Translate: he is, they are (present) and he was, they were (imperfect) | est, sunt and erat, erant |
| The imperfect tense is often used of ___ | an action or situation which was going on for some time, i.e., infans in cubiculo dormiebat |
| The perfect tense is often used of ___ | a completed action or an action that happened once, i.e., pompeiani agricolam laudaverunt |
| The imperfect is recognized by the letters __ and is translated __, __, or __ | -ba, was, were, used to |
| The perfect tense is indicated by the letter _ and is known as the __ __ in English | -v, simple past |
| What is the mneumonic device for the indicators of the perfect tense? | eXtra long SUV |
| Give the present singlar, perfect singular, and perfect plural of each verb: appears, says, leaves, makes, takes, comes, praises, and frightens | apparet, apparuit, apparuerunt. dicit, dixit, dixerunt. descedit, discessit, discesserunt, facit, fecit, fecerunt, capit, cepit, ceperunt. venit, venit (accent), venerunt (accent). laudat, laudavit, laudaverunt. terret, terruit, terruerunt. |
| What are the accusative plural endings for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension? | as, os, and es |
| Translate: The friends greets the girls. The master was telling off the slaves. The boys watched the lions. | amicus puellas salutat. dominus servos vituperabat. pueri leones spectaverunt. |
| What are the key words for the dative case? and what does the dative case serve for? | to and for. indirect objects. |
| What are the dative singular endings for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd declension? dative plural? | ae, o, i. is, is, ibus |
| Translate: Clemens puellAE vinum offerebat. iuvenis servO pecuniam tradidit. dominus mercatorI statuam emit.servi leonIBUS cibum dederunt. | Clemens was offering wine TO the girl. The young man handed over money TO the slave. The master bought a statue FOR the merchant. The slaves gave food TO the lions. |
| Translate: I greet the old man. My brother shows a statue TO ME. The friends greets ME. | EGO senem saluto. frater MIHI statuam ostendit. amicus ME salutat. |
| Translate: TU picturam pingis. pater TIBI pecuniam dat. athleta TE laudat. | YOU are painting a picture. Your father gives money TO YOU. The athlete praises YOU. |
| Which specific verbs use the dative case? | |
| Translate: mercatores agricolis respondent. Quartus Holconio favet. nos pistori credimus. | The merchants answer the farmers. Quartus supports Holconius. We trust the baker. |
| Translate: placetne tibi? mihi placet. | Is it pleasing to you? It is pleasing to me. |
| Translate: NOS sumus fortes. VOS estis ignavi. dei NOBIS imperium dant. dei VOBIS nihil dant. omnes NOS laudant. nemo VOS laudat. | WE are brave. YOU are lazy. The gods give an empire TO US. The gods give nothing TO YOU. All praise US. No one praises YOU. |
| Translate: quis, quid, ubi, cur, and quo (2) | who, what, where, why, and who/where |
| by adding __ to the first word of a sentence it makes it a question | ne |
| if you use ___ it suggests that the answer to the question is no | num |
| Use portat in the imperfect tense: | portabam, portabas, portabat, portabamus, portabatis, portabant |
| Use portat in the perfect tense: | portavi, portavisti, portavit, portavimus, portavistis, portaverunt |
| What is the imperfect tense of the verb to be? | eram, eras, erat, eramus, eratis, erant |
Created by:
kaliedavis