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Physio-Homeostasis

QuestionAnswer
Homeostasis is essential for life & health; inability to maintain homeostasis can result in disease
Homeostasis involves maintenance of the internal environment including the constituents of the intracellular & extracellular compartments
Many physiological variables are regulated by ______________ homeostatic control systems
Homeostatic control mechanisms used in the body involve _______ & ________ feedback & feedforward systems
There are advantages and disadvantages to each type of control system employed. Combining feedforward and feedback systems can result in more efficient control of a variable
Describe what is meant by the term 'homeostasis' "Maintenance of steady states in the body by coordinated physiological mechanisms"
Explain why homeostasis is essential for life A stable internal environment is essential for normal cell function
Name 8 variables that are regulated by physiological control systems in the body CO2/O2 levels, Glucose, Plasma osmolality, BP, Temperature, pH levels, K+ levels, and Ca2+ levels
Explain the Osteopathic relevance of homeostasis Homeostasis is an example of the ability of the body to 'heal' itself
List 3 main types of control systems used in physiological regulation (Part 1) Control systems are used to regulate physiological variables -Negative Feedback systems -Positive Feedback systems -Feedforward systems
Name the elements that contribute to a negative feedback system, and be able to describe how these elements work together to control a variable
Describe how the baroreflex uses negative feedback to stabilize blood pressure When the patient has a gravity hemorrhage (disturbance) the blood pressure (regulated variable) would be lowered by the baroreceptor sending its message to the meduallary controller (negative controller) which affects the activity of heart, kidney, and BV
List the hormonal effectors of the negative feedback processes that allow maintenance of blood glucose level Insulin and glucagon
List the elements of a positive feedback system and describe how the effect of operation of a positive feedback system differs from that of a negative feedback system -Elements: Effector, Disturbance, Variable, and Sensor -Positive feedback promotes change in one direction (increases action/product), while the negative feedback has multiple variables and has a feedback controller & set point (decreases action/product)
Explain how feedforward systems can be useful for physiological regulation -Feedforward systems can respond in anticipation of a disturbance -Increase in ventilation prior to exercise uses feedforward control
Describe an example of feedforward regulation in the body -Prior to exercising, the body tells the respiratory control system to activate the respiratory muscle which in result will increase respiration
Describe how combination of feedback and feedforward systems can provide efficient physiological regulation (Part 1) -Feedforward and feedback systems control ventilation during exercise and movement
Describe how combination of feedback and feedforward systems can provide efficient physiological regulation (Part 2) Feedfwd sys is distinct from a homeostatic control system, which has function of keeping internal environment of the body steady or constant or in a prolonged steady state of readiness, & neg/pos feedback for regulation & compensation
Describe two examples in which feedforward and feedback systems coordinate to regulate a physiological variable (Example 1) When a person has desire to move, the MOTOR CORTEX increases CEREBELLUM activity to MOVE LIMB MUSCLES (motor cortex can move limb muscles itself). & through the POSITION OF LIMBS the VISUAL & PROPRIOCEPTIVE SENSATION let's CEREBELLUM know to stop(slide19)
Describe two examples in which feedforward and feedback systems coordinate to regulate a physiological variable (Example 2) Slide #20
Describe an example where positive feedback occurs in the body LH surge during the menstrual cycle uses positive feedback
Be able to identify the type of control system employed in physiological regulation of a variable given a description of the components and their responses to changes in that variable
Describe how defective or inappropriate function of homeostatic control systems can lead to disease and secondary symptoms. Slide 22
Created by: jgrayson
 

 



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