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Spanish exam grammar
Grammar for 2.3, 3.1, and 3.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Direct Object Pronouns: | me te lo/la nos los/las |
| Direct object pronouns are usually placed before conjugated verbs. They may follow infinitives and -ndo forms. Example: | When you put the pronoun after the infinitive or -ndo form, it attaches to the verb. |
| Comemos tamales. (we eat tamales) turns into... | los comemos (we eat them) |
| Llamamos al mesero (we called the waiter) turns into... | lo llamamos (we called him) |
| lo vamos a llamar (we're going to call him) becomes... | Vamos a llamarlo |
| Lo estamos llamando (we're calling him) becomes... | estamos llamándolo |
| la mesera puso la mesa (the waitress et the table) becomes... | la puso (she set it) |
| Indirect Object Pronouns: | me te le nos les |
| Les compró regalos a sus amigos. (she bought presents for her friends) | Les compró regalos. (She bought presents for them) |
| Indirect Object Pronouns placement | When conjugated, before the verb. When infinitive or -ndo forms, attached to the end of the verb. |
| Formal Commands (Usted/Ustedes) | For -ar verbs, take the yo form of the verb and change the ending to -e. (siento - siente). for -er and -ir verbs, take the yo form of the verb and change the ending to -a. (como - coma). |
| Irregular Usted commands: dar estar ir saber ser | Irregular formal commands: dé esté vaya sepa sea |
| Irregular Ustedes commands: dar estar ir saber ser | Irregular formal commands cont. den estén vayan sepan sean |
| Remember: -car, -gar, -zar | Verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change to preserve pronunciation: (g-gu) (z-c) (c-qu) |
| Affirmative Tú commands | Take the third person singular (él/ella/usted) form of the verb in the present tense. |
| Irregular affirmative tú commands: decir poner salir tener venir hacer ser ir | irregular tú commands di pon sal ten ven haz sé ve |
| Negative tú commands: | To from the negative tú command, you take the yo form of the verb in the present tense and change ending to -es for -ar verbs change the ending to -as for -er,-ir verbs. |
| Irregular negative tú commands: dar estar ir saber ser | Irregular tú commands: no des no estés no vayas no sepas no seas |
Created by:
13_awolf
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