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Human Nutrition
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acids to an adequate diet, will stimulate muscle building | False |
| How many grams of carbs are needed to ensure complete sparing of body protein in an average size person? | 130 |
| Fatty acids differ from one another in chain length and the degree of saturation | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a desirable blood lipid value? | High LDL |
| Cholesterol is an essential nutrient | True |
| Obesity is primarily caused by an increase in the consumption of sugar | False |
| Individuals that exercise and have an adequate diet have to supplement with additional protein/amino acids in order for hypertrophy | False |
| Diabetes can be caused by the excess consumption of carbohydrates | False |
| The complex carbohydrates are | Polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, fibers) |
| The differences among the various amino acids are caused by the amine and acid groups | False – the side chain accounts for the differences |
| There are 7 essential amino acids | False - there are 9 |
| Nitrogen is found where? | in Protein |
| Diet, age, and sex all specify the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule | False - heredity does |
| For healthy adults, the DRI recommendation is ________ grams of protein per kg of body weight | .8 |
| A pregnant and lactating woman would experience negative nitrogen balance | False – a surgery patient or astronaut would experience negative nitrogen balance |
| For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acids to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building | False |
| Name a complementary source | Legumes with grains |
| Trans fatty acids are found: | In hydrogenated products |
| When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is: | The pancreas |
| Characteristics of olestra: | Passes through the body unabsorbed |
| The protein DRI is higher in infants than adults | True |
| Example of lipoproteins | HDL LDL |
| Type 2 diabetes | Occurs in adults Obesity |
| Primary cause of hyper activity in children | Caffeine |
| Storage form of carbs in a plant | Starch |
| The disaccharide in milk is: | Lactose |
| Sugars are complex carbs | False |
| Cholesterol is an essential nutrient | False |
| Most lipids in food and the human body are: | Triglycerides |
| Order of body’s preferred energy sources | Water Calories Carbs Protein |
| Monosacharides include: | Fructose Glucose Galactose |
| an enriched nutrient is: | Nutrient that was lost but was added back in |
| Meals high in sodium can temporarily cause what to happen to the body? | Increased body water content |
| Meals high in sodium can temporarily cause what to happen to the body? | Increased body water content |
| Fat malabsorption can cause deficiencies of which vitamins? | A,D,E, and K |
| A precursor is a compound that can be converted into an: | Active vitamin |
| Hard water has high concentrations of: | Calcium Magnesium |
| The B-vitamins act as part of: | Coenzymes |
| Healthy people can eat Vitamin A rich foods without risking toxicity with the exception of what organ? | The liver |
| Energy needs generally decrease as someone ages | True |
| What nutrient stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay? | Fluoride |
| Fluid is lost primarily through what organ? | The kidneys |
| What are the B Vitamins? | Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, biotin |
| What nutrients are organic? | Carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins |
| Food sources of Vitamin B12 include | Beef, pork, chicken, milk, cheese (animal products) |
| Trace minerals include: | Iron Fluoride Copper |
| Major minerals include: | Potassium Iodine Sulfur |
| In order for thyroxin to be synthesized, ________ must be available | Iodine |
| The chief ion outside of cells is: | Sodium |
| The chief ion inside of cells is: | Potassium |
| What is the most abundant mineral in the body? | Calcium |
| Vegans are at risk for deficiency of what Vitamin? | Vitamin B12 |
| Pellagra is deficiency of what? | Niacin |
| Vitamins A,C, and E serve as: | Antioxidants |
| The Vitamin D deficiency in children is called: | Rickets |
| The Vitamin D deficiency in adults is called: | Osteomalacia |
| The active form of Vitamin A is: | Retinol |
| Vitamin K can be obtained by: | Intestinal bacteria |
| Vitamin E is an: | Antioxidant |
| T/F The B vitamins act as part of coenzymes | True |
| T/F Folate is a B vitamin that is important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects | True |
| T/F Vitamin toxicity is a concern in fat-soluble vitamins because they are found in higher amounts in foods | False |
| T/F There has been an increase recently in new cases of rickets in children in the U.S and the main cause is increased physical activity in organized sports | False The reasons are: safety concerns prevent outdoor playing, use of sun screen, and parents giving kids soy milk |
| T/F A person who takes antibiotics for several weeks because of a severe bacterial infection may develop a deficiency of Vitamin K | True |
| T/F Soft water has high concentrations of calcium and magnesium | False |
| T/F The FDA is in charge of ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for protection of public health | False, the EPA is responsible |
| Fluoride amounts in bottled water can be described as: | Unpredictable |
| Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body | True |
| A significant amount (over half) of the body’s magnesium is stored in the: | Bones |
| The symptoms of iron deficiency are which of the following? | Exhaustion, concentration problems, chewing on ice |
| T/F The principal positively charged ion inside body cells is potassium | True |
| The age of a person (when exercising) will influence how much glucose a person uses during physical activity | False |
| Vitamin C is needed for the formation of collagen | True |
| Fad diets are successful in the short term because they: | Induce a calorie deficit |
| You salivate and your stomach grumbles, what is this a signal of? | Appetite |
| What are characteristics of bulimia? | the victim is close to her ideal body weight weight fluctuates 10 pounds or so over a few weeks victim binges and purges |
| What are the components of fitness? | Flexibility muscle strength muscle endurance cardiorespiratory endurance |
| Weight training results in what? | improved posture muscle strength prevention of diseases |
| The characteristics of cardiorespiratory endurance include: | Increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery Reduced blood pressure |
| Certain foods can promote weight loss by increasing your metabolism | False |
| Eating disorders are only found in developed nations where wealth is prevalent | True |
| One pound of fat is equal to 3500 calories | True |
| Having a beer gut is a significantly higher health risk than having excess fat in other areas | True |
| Which factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate? | Stress, fever, and youth |
| Eating certain foods elevate BMR and promotes weight loss | False |
| The psychological desire to eat is called: | Appetite |
| The physiological desire to eat is called: | Hunger |
| A very low-carb diet will cause: | Ketosis |
| The following is based on weight and height: | Height/weight charts BMI |
| Endurance athletes can postpone fatigue by: | Eating glucose periodically |
| The health benefits of physical activity include: | Building bone strength Prevent diabetes |
| Waist circumference looks at degree of: | Visceral fat |
| Someone who has at least one obese parent has what percent chance of being obese? | 30%-70% |
| Excess body fat is associated with increased risk of: | Cancer Gall bladder disease |
| What is not involved in signaling satiation | The heart |
| BMI is not suitable for use with: | Athletes/pregnant women |
| Central to the diagnosis of anorexia is: | Distorted body image |
| Early in activity ___________ provides energy for the muscles | Muscle glycogen |
| Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides a compound called: | Lactate |
| What types of athletes are prone to iron deficiency? | Female athletes Endurance athletes |
| T/F: plaque formation can narrow passages in the arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart | True |
| T/f: with a fortification of folate, there has been a decreased number of neural tube defects | True |
| T/f: the weight put on by women during pregnancy is not all fat tissue | True |
| T/f: Excess calories raise cancer rates | True |
| T/f: Using genetic profiling, health care providers can custom treatment procedures to prevent or minimize disease | False |
| When an occlusion occurs in a blood vessel of the heart… | Pain will occur Blood will no longer feed the heart Death to a part of the heart will occur |
| Homocysteine is: | An amino acid Elevated when the diet lacks fruits and vegetables |
| The DASH diet includes | Restricted sodium Increased potassium Increased calcium |
| Breastfeeding has been shown to have the following health benefits: | Increased intelligence Reduced ear infections Fewer food allergies |
| Energy needs generally decrease as someone ages | True |
Created by:
kmanringstad41