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SpnPerfects
Past Present and Future Perfects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle. | I have studied. He has written a letter to María. We have been stranded for six days. |
| Because the present perfect is a compound tense, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb. | I have studied. (main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: have) He has written a letter to María. (main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: has) We have been stranded for six days. (main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: have) |
| In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by using the present tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows: | he has ha hemos habéis han |
| Remember, some past participles are irregular. The following examples all use the past participle for the verb "comer." | (yo) He comido. I have eaten. (tú) Has comido. You have eaten. (él) Ha comido. He has eaten. (nosotros) Hemos comido. We have eaten. (vosotros) Habéis comido. You-all have eaten. (ellos) Han comido. They have eaten. |
| When you studied the past participle, you practiced using it as an adjective. When used as an adjective, the past participle changes to agree with the noun it modifies. However, when used in the perfect tenses… | the past participle never changes. |
| Past participle used as an adjective: | La cuenta está pagada. The bill is paid. |
| Past participle used in the present perfect tense: | He pagado la cuenta. I have paid the bill. |
| Past participle used as an adjective: | Las cuentas están pagadas. The bills are paid. |
| Past participle used in the present perfect tense: | Juan ha pagado las cuentas. Juan has paid the bills. |
| Note that when used to form the present perfect tense, only the base form (pagado) is used. | Juan ha pagado las cuentas. Juan has paid the bills. |
| Notice that we use "ha" to agree with "Juan". We do NOT use "han" to agree with "cuentas." The auxiliary verb is conjugated for the subject of the sentence, not the object. : | Juan ha pagado las cuentas. Juan has paid the bills. Juan y María han viajado a España. Juan and Maria have traveled to Spain. |
| The present perfect tense is frequently used for past actions that continue into the present, or continue to affect the present. | He estado dos semanas en Madrid. I have been in Madrid for two weeks. Diego ha sido mi amigo por veinte años. Diego has been my friend for 20 years. |
| The present perfect tense is often used with the adverb "ya". | Ya han comido. They have already eaten. La empleada ya ha limpiado la casa. The maid has already cleaned the house. |
| The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber. | (yo) No he comido. I have not eaten. (tú) No has comido. You have not eaten. (él) No ha comido. He has not eaten. (nosotros) No hemos comido. We have not eaten. (vosotros) No habéis comido. You-all have not eaten. (ellos) No han comido. They |
| Again, the auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb. | Pablo le ha dado mucho dinero a su hermana. Pablo has given a lot of money to his sister. To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the indirect object pronoun (le). Pablo no le ha dado mucho dinero a su hermana. Pablo has not g |
| With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is placed immediatedly before the auxiliary verb. Compare how the present perfect differs from the simple present, when a reflexive verb is used. | Me cepillo los dientes. (present) I brush my teeth. Me he cepillado los dientes. (present perfect) I have brushed my teeth. |
| To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the reflexive pronoun (me). | No me he cepillado los dientes. I have not brushed my teeth. |
| Questions are formed as follows. Note how the word order is different than the English equivalent. | ¿Han salido ya las mujeres? Have the women left yet? ¿Has probado el chocolate alguna vez? Have you ever tried chocolate? |
| Here are the same sentences in negative form. Notice how the auxiliary verb and the past participle are not separated. | ¿No han salido ya las mujeres? Haven't the women left yet? ¿No has probado el chocolate ninguna vez? Haven't you ever tried chocolate? |
| Present Perfect formed by | haber + past participle he hablado, he comido, he vivido |
| conjugations of haber | he has ha hemos habéis han |
| The past perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "had" with the past participle. | I had studied. He had written a letter to María. We had been stranded for six days. |
| Because the past perfect is a compound tense, two verbs are required: the main verb and the auxiliary verb. | I had studied. (main verb: studied ; auxiliary verb: had) He had written a letter to María. (main verb: written ; auxiliary verb: had) We had been stranded for six days. (main verb: been ; auxiliary verb: had) |
| In Spanish, the past perfect tense is formed by using the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. Haber is conjugated as follows: | había habías había habíamos habíais habían |
| You have already learned in a previous lesson that the past participle is formed by dropping the infinitive ending and adding either -ado or -ido. Remember, some past participles are irregular. The following examples all use the past participle for th | (yo) Había vivido. I had lived. (tú) Habías vivido. You had lived. (él) Había vivido. He had lived. (nosotros) Habíamos vivido. We had lived. (vosotros) Habíais vivido. You-all had lived. (ellos) Habían vivido. They had lived. |
| When you studied the past participle, you practiced using it as an adjective. When used as an adjective, the past participle changes to agree with the noun it modifies. However, when used in the perfect tenses, the past participle never changes. | Past participle used as an adjective: La puerta está cerrada. The door is closed. Past participle used in the past perfect tense: Yo había cerrado la puerta. I had closed the door. |
| Here are a couple of more examples: | Past participle used as an adjective: Las puertas están abiertas. The doors are open. Past participle used in the past perfect tense: Juan había abierto las puertas. Juan had opened the doors. |
| Note that when used to form the perfect tenses, only the base form (abierto) is used. | Juan había abierto las puertas. Juan had opened the doors. |
| Notice that we use "había" to agree with "Juan". We do NOT use "habían" to agree with "puertas." The auxiliary verb is conjugated for the subject of the sentence, not the object. | Juan había abierto las puertas. Juan had opened the doors. Juan y María habían puesto mucho dinero en el banco. Juan and Maria had put a lot of money in the bank. |
| The past perfect tense is used when a past action was completed prior to another past action. Expressions such as "ya", "antes", "nunca", "todavía" and "después" will often appear in sentences where one action was completed before another. | Cuando llegaron los padres, los niños ya habían comido. When the parents arrived, the children had already eaten. Yo había comido antes de llamarles. I had eaten prior to calling them. |
| This idea of a past action being completed before another past action need not always be stated; it can be implied. | Juan había cerrado la ventana antes de salir. (stated) Juan had closed the window before leaving. Juan había cerrado la ventana. (implied) Juan had closed the window. |
| The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber. | (yo) No había vivido. I had not lived. (tú) No habías vivido. You had not lived. (él) No había vivido. He had not lived. (nosotros) No habíamos vivido. We had not lived. (vosotros) No habíais vivido. You-all had not lived. (ellos) No habían vi |
| Again, the auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb. | Pablo le había dado mucho dinero a su hermana. Pablo had given a lot of money to his sister. To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the indirect object pronoun (le). Pablo no le había dado mucho dinero a su hermana. Pablo had |
| With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is placed immediatedly before the auxiliary verb. Compare how the present perfect differs from the simple present, when a reflexive verb is used. | Me lavo las manos. (present) I wash my hands. Me había lavado las manos. (past perfect) I had washed my hands. |
| To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the reflexive pronoun (me). | No me había lavado las manos. I had not washed my hands. |
| Questions are formed as follows. Note how the word order is different than the English equivalent. | ¿Habían llegado ya las chicas? Had the girls arrived yet? ¿Habías probado ya el postre? Had you tried the dessert yet? Here are the same questions in negative form. Notice how the auxiliary verb and the past participle are not separated. ¿No habían |
| To form Past Perfect | haber + past participle había hablado, había comido, había vivido |
| past tense conjugation of haber | había habías había habíamos habíais habían |
| As with the other perfect tenses, the future perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "haber" with the past participle. In this case, "haber" is conjugated in the future tense. | habré habrás habrá habremos habréis habrán |
| The future perfect tense is used to describe what will have happened in the future before a different action takes place, or by a specific time. | I will have studied before I take the test. He will have completed the task by six o'clock. |
| Remember, some past participles are irregular. Also remember that the past participle never changes form in the perfect tenses. | (yo) Habré escrito el libro antes del año nuevo. I will have written the book before the new year. (tú) ¿Habrás comprado una casa en un año? Will you have bought a house in a year? (él) Habrá pagado todas las deudas para el dos de octubre. He will |
| A few more | (nosotros) Habremos vuelto de España para el doce de junio. We will have returned from Spain by June 12. (vosotros) Para cuando Juan llegue, vosotros ya habréis salido. By the time Juan arrives, you-all will already have left. (ellos) Para cuando Ma |
| The auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. To make the sentence negative, add the word "no" before the conjugated form of haber. | (yo) No habré comido. I will not have eaten. (tú) No habrás leído el libro. You will not have read the book. (él) No habrá escrito la carta. He will not have written the letter. A few more examples |
| Again, the auxiliary verb and the past participle are never separated. Object pronouns are placed immediately before the auxiliary verb. | Pablo le habrá dado un regalo a su esposa. Pablo will have given a gift to his wife. |
| To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the indirect object pronoun (le). | Pablo no le habrá dado ningún regalo a su esposa. Pablo will not have given a gift to his wife. |
| With reflexive verbs, the reflexive pronoun is placed immediatedly before the auxiliary verb. Compare how the present perfect differs from the simple present, when a reflexive verb is used. | Me lavo las manos. (present) I wash my hands. Me habré lavado las manos. (future perfect) I will have washed my hands. |
| To make this sentence negative, the word "no" is placed before the reflexive pronoun (me). | |
| No me habré lavado las manos. I will not have washed my hands. | |
| Questions are formed as follows. | ¿Habrán llegado ya las chicas? Will the girls have arrived? ¿Habrás comido ya? Will you have already eaten? |
| Here are the same questions in negative form. Notice how the auxiliary verb and the past participle are not separated. | ¿No habrán llegado ya las chicas? Will the girls not have already arrived? ¿No habrás comido ya? Will you not have already eaten? |
| To form Future Perfect | haber + past participle habrá hablado, habrá comido, habrá vivido |
| future conjugation of haber | habré habrás habrá habremos habréis habrán |
Created by:
huelsejc
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