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Chp18 geology
| What is a glacier? | Answer |
|---|---|
| What features distinguish the three types of glaciers? | Valley glaciers, ice sheets, and ice caps |
| Describe the zones of accumulation and wastage and the snowline- how does the snowline elevation change if the climate changes? | |
| What two conditions must be met in order for a glacier to form? | Heavy winter snowfall and must be cold enough for snow to persist year round |
| How does glacier ice form? | The transformation of irregular snowflakes into rounded snow grains, then the rounded ice grains crystalize, resulting in interlocking ice crystals |
| How does a glacier move and where does the movement take place? | the movement takes place at the bottom of the glacier, across the valley bottom |
| How quickly do glaciers move? | Slowly- the fastest part of a glacier may only move half the length of a football field in a year |
| Glaciers nicknamed rivers of ice, but it is difficult to directly observe glacial flows, because ice is opaque and moves very slowly, how do geologists overcome these obstacles to studying glacier movement, erosion, and deposition? | |
| Explain how the front of a glacier can move upslope in a retreating valley glacier if the ice is always moving downslope | |
| Describe how glaciers erode rock ad carry sediment | |
| Explain why glaciers are much more effective agents of erosion than streams, even though glaciers move much slower than streams. | |
| Define moraine. | A heap of stony debris deposited along the margins of, or beneath, a glacier |
| What are the types of moraines? | Lateral moraine, medial moraine, ground moraine, and end moraine |
| What are the two main types of sedimentary deposits formed near or beneath modern glaciers? | ground moraine and |
| How would you distinguish between the two types of sedimentary deposits in an area that was glaciated in the past? | |
| Which machine is more analogous to the deposition of sediment at the front of a stationary glacier, a bulldozer or a conveyor belt? Why? | |
| How do icebergs form? | Are blocks of ice that break away from glaciers or ice shells in both lakes and oceans |
| Explain the types of landscape features formed by valley-glacier erosion | There are u-shaped valleys, lakes, hanging valleys, knife-edge ridges and pointed peaks, and moraine valleys |
| Describe the features left behind after an ice sheet retreats from a region | |
| During the most recent glacial advance, which peaked 21,000 years ago, how much of North America was covered with ice? | Most of North America was covered in ice during the last ice age. Much of the landscape was drastically different, ice covered huge areas, vegetation distribution varied due to the cooler climate, and continental outlines because of lower sea levels |
| What were the consequences of ice-age climate for the parts of the continental US not covered in ice during the last ice age? | |
| How do geologists determine the number of ice ages and when they happened? |
Created by:
LeeBagel