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Science-Ch.21
~The Nervous System~
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Your nervous system helps your body make adjustments to changes in your _____. | Environment |
| Any change inside or outside your body that brings about a response | Stimulus |
| Homeostasis- the regulation of ____ inside an organism | steady conditions |
| What are neurons made of? | Cell body and branches called dendrites and axons |
| What do dendrites do? | receive messages and send them to the cell body |
| What carries messages away from the cell body? | Axons |
| Messages carried by ___ cells are called ___. | Nerve...Impulses |
| You have ___ kinds of nerve cells. | 3 |
| What do sensory nerve cells do? | Receive information and send it to the brain or spinal cord |
| What relays the impulses from sensory cells to motor nerve cells? | Inter neurons |
| Motor nerve cells conduct impulses from the brain to __ and ___throughout your body. | Muscles....Glands |
| Nerve cells do not touch each other, yet still pass ____ to each other. | Impulses |
| A synapse is a small ___ between nerve cells. | Space |
| What happens when an impulse reaches the end of an axon? | The axon releases a chemical |
| This chemical flows across the synapse and relays the impulse to the ___ of the next neuron. | Dendrite |
| what is the central nervous system made up of? | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| The ___ coordinates all of your body's activities. | Brain |
| What happens in the Cerebrum? | 1)Interprets impulses from senses 2)Stores memory 3)Controls movements |
| ____takes place in the cerebrum. | Thinking |
| ____part of the brain. (cerebrum) | Largest |
| Outer layer is called the ___, which allows _____ to be processed. | 1) Cortex 2) More complex thoughts |
| Part of the brain located behind and under the cerebrum | Cerebellum |
| The cerebellum interprets ___ from the eyes, ears, muscles, and tendons | Stimuli |
| The cerebellum coordinates _____ movement, maintains _____ and helps maintain ____. | 1) Voluntary Muscle 2) Muscle tone 3) Balance |
| Brain Stem- the part of the brain that extends from the cerebrum and connects it to the ____. | Spinal Cord |
| What is the brain stem made up of? | Midbrain, pons, and the medulla |
| The ___ and ____ are pathways connecting different parts of the ____ with each other. | 1) Midbrain 2) Pons 3) Brain |
| The medulla controls _____ actions such as heartbeat or breathing. | Involuntary |
| The ___ is made up of bundles of nerve cells that carry impulses to and from the ____. | 1)Spinal Cord 2)Brain |
| The ______ connects your brain and spinal cord to the __________. | Peripheral Nervous System Rest of your body |
| The somatic system controls ____ actions. | Voluntary |
| The autonomic system controls ____ actions. | Involuntary |
| Any injury to the ___ or ____ can be serious. | 1) Brain 2) Spinal Cord |
| Injury to the spine can result in loss of muscle movement called ____. | Paralysis |
| It is important to wear ____ when playing sports or riding in a car. | Safety Gear |
| What is a reflex? | An involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus controlled by the spinal cord |
| Drugs like alcohol and caffeine affects your ____. | Nervous System |
| Alcohol ____ the activities of the central nervous system | slows |
| Caffeine _____ the activity of the central nervous system | Speeds up |
| Light rays, sounds waves, heat, chemicals, or pressure ____ your sense organs. | Stimulate |
| Your body has ____ sense organs. | 5 |
| ____ enters your eye, and the ___ and ___ focus it onto the ____. | Light energy cornea lens retina |
| The light stimulates the ___ and ___, two types of cells found in your retina. | Rods Cones |
| The rods and cones send impulses to the ___, which carries them to the visual area of the ____. | Cells Optic Nerve |
| What happens so you can see? | Your cortex interprets the image |
| When does nearsightedness occur? | When light is focused front the retina |
| When does farsightedness occur? | When light is focused behind the retina |
| What corrects nearsightedness? And what do they look like? | Concave Lens Thicker at the edge than in the middle |
| What corrects farsightedness? | Convex lens Thicker in the middle than the edge |
| When an object ____, it produces ____ necessary for hearing sounds | Vibrates Sound Waves |
| What does your outer ear do? | Catches sound waves |
| Sound waves are funneled down to the ____. | Middler ear |
| In the middle ear, the sound waves cause the ____ to ___, and these vibrations move through tiny bones- the ___,___, and ___ | Eardrum Vibrate Hammer Anvil Stirrup |
| In the inner ear, the vibrations cause the liquid in the ___ to ____, stimulating _____. | Cochlea Vibrate Nerve Endings |
| The cristae ampullaris and maculae in the inner ear control the body's ___. | Balance |
| Food and other objects give off ____into the air. | Molecules |
| These molecules stimulate nerve cells called ______ in your nasel passages. | Its called ole-factory cells |
| the ole - factory cells send __________ to the _______ where the stimulus is interpreted. | 1) impulses 2) brain |
| _____ on your tongue are the major sensory recepters for taste | 1) taste buds |
| when the solution of ____ and _________ washes over the taste buds impulses are sent to the _____ | 1)saliva 2) food 3) brain |
| sensory receptors are found in ____ and __ | 1)internal organs 2)skin |
| sensory receptors pick up changes in touch, pressure, pain and temperature and sends ______ to the _____or _______ | 1)impulses 2)brain 3)spinal cord |
| an internal or external change that brings about a response is called a _____ | 1)stimulus |
| each day you are bombarded by _____ of stimuli | thounsands |
| noise, light, the smell of food and the temperature of the air are all ______ from _____your body | 1)stimuli 2)outside |
| chemical substances such as _______ are examples of stimuli from ______ your body | 1)hormones 2)inside |
| your body adjusts to changing stimuli withe the help of your ________ | 1)nervous system |
| examples of homeostasis are the regulation of your _________, ________ and _______ | 1)breathing 2)heart beat 3)digestion |
| a neuron is made up of a cell body and branches called __and ___ | 1)dendrites 2)axons |
| messages carried by a neuron is called a _____ | 1)impulse |
| the axon branches off at the end to allow an impulse to move to many other ___,_____ or ______ | 1)muscles 2)neurons 3)glands |
| your body has sensory receptors that produce ____ impulses and respond to stimuli | electrical |
| what are the three types of neurons | 1)sensory 2)motor 3)inter neurons |
| what does the sensory neuron do | it receives informaiton and sends impulses to the brain or spinal cord. |
| what do inter neurons do | they relay the impulses from the sensory neurons to motor neurons |
| what does the motor neurons do | conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands through out your body |
| do neurons touch each other at all | no |
| how does an impulse move from one neuron to another | an impulse crosses a small space called a synapse |
| when an impulse reaches the end of an axon what happens | the axon releases a chemical |
| what does the chemical do | flows across the synapse and stimulates the impulse in the dendrite of the next neuron |
| what are the two major divisions organs of the nervous system grouped into | central and peripheral nervous system |
| what is the central nervous system made up of | the brain and spinal cord |
| what is the peripheral nervous system made up of | all the nerves outside the central nervous system |
| the peripheral nervous system connects the ______ and the ______ to other body parts | 1)brain 2)spinal cord |
| impulses move in ________ directions | one |
| ______ neurons send impulses to the brain and spinal cord | sensory |
| how many neurons is the brain made up of | about 100 billion |
| surrounding and protecting the brain are a _____ , _________ and a layer of ________ | 1)skull 2)three membraines 3)fluid |
| how many parts is the brain divided into | 3 |
| the outer layer of the cerebrum called the ____ is marked by many ridges and grooves | cortex |
| the folds in the brain allow _______ | more complex thoughts to be processed |
| ____from eyes and ears, and muscles and tendons are interpreted in the _____. | Stimuli Cerebellum |
| The cerebellum coordinates ____movements to maintain your ___. | Muscle Balance |
| Where is the brain stem? | The base of the brain |
| The brain stem extends from the ___ to the ____. | Cerebrum Spinal Cord |
| The adult spinal cord is about__ cm long | 43 |
| The brain and spinal cord are connected to the rest of your body by the ____. | Peripheral Nervous System |
| The PNS is made up of 12 pairs of nerves from your brain called _____ and 31 pairs from your spinal cord called ____. | Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves |
| What are spinal nerves made up of? | Bundles of sensory and motor neurons |
| Is every mental and physical process assosiated with the PNS and CNS? | Yes |
| What could a blow to the back of the brain result in? | Loss of vision |
| A reflex involves a simple nerve pathway called a ___. | Reflex Arc |
| Where are reflexes controlled? | Spinal cord |
| What does your brain do after a reflex? | Help you figure out what to do |
| The ___ of your nervous system control and coordinate body responses. | Nervous System |
| This helps maintain ____ in your body. | Homeostasis |
| Why does alcohol slow down the activities in your nervous system? | When alcohol reaches neurons in the body, it moves through their cell membranes and disrupts their normal cell functions. |
| Alcohol and what it does to you is called a ____. | Depressant |
| What does heavy alcohol use do to your body? | Destroys brain and liver cells |
| What does too much caffeine do? | Increase heart rate, restlessness, tremors, and insomnia in some people |
| Caffeine can also stimulate the kidney to ____ | Produce more urine |
| Sense organs are adapted for intercepting different ____. | Stimuli |
| They are then converted into ____ by the nervous system | Impulses |
| Light travels in a ____ line unless something to change direction | Straight |
| Cones respond to ___ and ____, while rods respond to __. | bright light color dim light |
| Rods are used to help you detect ___ and ___. | shape movement |
| What happens so you can see? (3 steps) | 1. Impulses pass to optic nerve 2. nerve carries impulse to vision area of cortex 3. the image transmitted from the retina is upside down and reversed |
| What happens to allow you to have a sense of distance? | The brain interprets the image seen by both eyes and blends them into one image |
| When is light refracted? | When it passes through a lens |
| What are convex lenses used for? | to magnify things |
| what are concave lenses used for? | Causes parallel light to spread out |
| What is nearsightedness? | If the eyeball is too long from front to back light from objects is focused in front the retina |
| What is farsightedness? | If the eyeball is too short from front to back light from objects is focused behind the retina |
| Sound waves can travel through___,___,and ____. | solids,liquids, gases |
| When waves reach your ear they usually stimulate _____ deep within your ear. | Nerve cells |
| What are the 3 sections of the ear? | Outer Middle Inner |
| when the stirrup vibrate what happen within the cochlea? | Fluids within the cochlea begin to vibrate |
| Depending on how the nerve ending are ____ you hear different sounds | stimulated |
| Structure in your ___ ear also control your body's ____. | inner balance |
| The cristae ampullaris and maculae both contain _____strcutures | hair like |
| As your body moves, gel like fluid surrounding the hair cells moves and stimulates nerve cells at the base of the ______. | hair cells |
| This produces _____ which are sent to the brain | nerve impulses |
| The brain in return send impulses to the _____ resulting in body movements that maintain ____. | Skeletal Muscles Balance |
| The cristae ampullaris react to _____. | Rotating body movements |
| When you smell, if the stimulus is reconized from a previous expirience you may be able to ____ it. If not, it may be ____ for the next time you encounter it. | Identified Remembered |
| About how many taste buds are on your tongue? | 10,000 |
| What do taste buds respond to? | Chemical Stimuli |
| What are the 5 taste sensations? | sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and the taste of MSG |
| Smell and ___ are related. | Taste |
| Why does your food seem tasteless when your sick? | Food's molecules are blocked from contacting olfactory cells in your nasal passages. |
| All of your body's senses work together to maintain ______. | Homeostasis |
| What is a neuron made up of? | Axons, dendrites, cell body |
| Describe what happens to the neurons when you hear a loud noise while holding a glass. | Sensory neurons travel to your brain inter neurons in your brain receive the impulse and pass them to motor neurons motor neurons- impulses travels from the axons of the motor neurons to muscles |
| Light passing through a convex lens is refracted towards the ___ and passes through a focal point | Center |
| Light that passes through a concave lens in refracted _____. | Outward |
| Light moves through the cornea and lens before striking the ____. | Retina |
| What does the ear respond to? (2 things) | 1. sounds waves 2. position of your head |
| What are the cristae ampullaris and maculae responsible for? | Maintaining sense of balance |
| Taste buds are made up of a group of ______ with tiny hairs projecting from them | sensory cells |
| When food is taken into the mouth it is dissovled in ___. | Saliva |
| Many of the sensation picked up by receptors in the skin are stimulated by ____ energy. Pressure, motion, and touch are examples. | Mechanical |
Created by:
booklover7