Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSYCH FINAL!!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. | personality |
| Freud's first comprehensive thory included (1,2,3) | 1) unconscious mind 2) Psychosexual stages and 3) Defense mechanisms |
| most of what goes on in the mind is _____ | subconscious |
| A reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories. | unconscious mind |
| Freud asked patients to say whatever came to their mind to tap the unconscious. | free association |
| what actually happened in a dream | manifest coneten |
| the hidden meaning of a dream | latent content |
| Another method to analyze the unconscious mind is through interpreting the ______ and ______ contents of dreams. | manifest, latent |
| Personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between our biological impulses (_____) and social restraints (_______) | id, superego |
| devil on the shoulder | id |
| angel on the shoulder | superego |
| unconsciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification. | id |
| functions as the “executive” and mediates the demands of id and superego. ( ASLO LARGELY CONSCIOUS) | ego |
| provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations. | superego |
| Freud believed that personality formed during life’s first few years divided into | psychosexual stages |
| during the psychosexual stages, the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on pleasure sensitive body areas called | erogenous zones |
| stage from 0-18 months, pleasure centers on mouth, biting, sucking, chewing | Oral |
| stage from 18-36 months, focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for control | Anal |
| Stage from 2-6 years, focuses on genital zones, and coping with incestuous feelings | Phallic |
| from 6-Puberty, Dormant sexual feelings | Latency |
| Pubery and so on, Maturation of sexual interests | Genital |
| A boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father. | oedipus complex |
| the girl’s desire for the father. | electra complex |
| Ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | defesne mechanisms |
| Banishing anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness. (most imp mechanism) | repression |
| Retreating to an earlier, more infantile stage of development | regression |
| make unacceptable impulses look like their opposite- the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. | reaction formation |
| attributing threatening impulses to others | projection |
| self-justifying explanations for behavior in lieu of real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions (not admitting you have some flaw) | rationalization |
| Diverts impulse to a more acceptable object/person | displacement |
| Jung believed in the ________ which contained a common reservoir of images derived from our species’ past. | collective unconscious |
| The 3 Neo-Freudians | Adler, Jung, Horney |
| Adler said A child struggles with the _______ during growth and strives for superiority and power. | inferiority complex |
| Projective tests lack _____ and ______ | reliability and validity |
| Psychoanalysis has been criticized on | scientific merits, meagerly testable, concepts arise out of after-the-fact explanations. |
| Maslow said people are motivated by a _____________ that try to reach ________ | heirarchy of needs, self-actualization |
| Carl Rogers believed ____________ was an attitude of acceptance of others amidst their failings. | Unconditional Positive Regard |
| assessed personality questionnaires report _____ | self concept |
| unique constellation of durable dispositions and consistent ways of behaving - constitute personality. | traits |
| statistical approach used to describe and relate personality traits. | factor analysis |
| questionnaires designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once. | personality inventories |
| is the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. | MMPI |
| An expanded range of traits does a better job of assessment (number _____) | 5 |
| The Big Five Personality factors | Conscienscesness, agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extroversion |
| Trait theorists argue that behaviors from a situation may be different, but _________ behavior remains the same. Therefore, traits matter. | average |
| Expressive styles in speaking and gestures demonstrate | trait consistency |
| When unable to avoid repeated adverse events an animal or human learns helplessness. | learned helplessness |
| ____________aims to discover and promote conditions that enable individuals and communities to thrive. | positive psychology |
| positive and humanistic psychology both seek | positive subjective well-being, positive character, and positive social groups. |
| Maslow/Rogers: a successful life results from | a healthy self image (self esteem) |
| ______ self-esteem is fragile and egotistic | defensive |
| _____self-esteem is less fragile and less dependent on external evaluation. | secure |
| Mental health workers view ________ as persistently harmful thoughts, feelings and action. | psychological disorders |
| When behavior is _____, ______, and _____ psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered | deviant, dysfunctional, and distressful |
| behavior (going naked) in one culture may be considered normal while in others leads to arrest. | deviant |
| Deviant behavior must accompany | distress |
| If a behavior is ______ it is clearly a disorder. | dysfunctional |
| When behavior is _____, ______, and _____ psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered | deviant, dysfunctional, and distressful |
| behavior (going naked) in one culture may be considered normal while in others leads to arrest. | deviant |
| Deviant behavior must accompany | distress |
| If a behavior is ______ it is clearly a disorder. | dysfunctional |
| When behavior is _____, ______, and _____ psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered | deviant, dysfunctional, and distressful |
| behavior (going naked) in one culture may be considered normal while in others leads to arrest. | deviant |
| Deviant behavior must accompany | distress |
| If a behavior is ______ it is clearly a disorder. | dysfunctional |
| from France, insisted that madness was not due to demonic possession but an ailment of the mind. | Pinel |
| causation & development | etiology |
| identification & dissociation from other ailments | diagnosis |
| how a disorder is handled | treatment |
| forecast about a disorder | prognosis |
| Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior. | phobia |
| OCD patients have more ____ activity | frontal lobe |
| Learning theorists suggest that _________ leads to anxiety. | fear conditioning |
| Fear responses, investigators believe, are inculcated through __________ | observational learning |
| _________has led our ancestors to learn to fear snakes, spiders, and other animals – preserves the species. | natural selection |
| Twins studies suggest that our ______ may be partly responsible for developing fears and anxiety. Twins are more likely to share phobias. | genes |
| Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. | dissasociative disorder |
| Disorder in which the person (usually men) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members. Formerly called sociopath or psychopath. | antisocial personality disorder |
| distressing symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical causes | somatoform disorder |
| Emotional extremes of mood disorders come in two principal forms. | major depressive disorder and bipolar dosorder |
| lies between blue mood and major depressive disorder – characterized by daily depression lasting two years or more. | dysthmic disorder |
| Formerly called manic-depressive disorder, alteration between depression and mania signals bipolar disorder. | bipolar |
| Reduction of _____ and _______ has been implicated in depression. | norepinephrine and serotonin |
| bizarre thinking with distorted beliefs | delusions |
| Many psychologists believe disorganized thoughts occur because of _______ failure | selective attention |
| A schizophrenic person may perceive things that are not there | hallucinations |
| A schizophrenic person may laugh at the news of someone dying, or show no emotion at all | apathy |
| Patients with schizophrenia can continually rub an arm or rock a chair or remain motionless for hours | catatonia |
| Schizophrenics have inappropriate symptoms (hallucinations, disorganized thinking, deluded ways) not present in normal individuals | positive symptoms |
| Schizophrenics also have absence of appropriate symptoms (apathy, expressionless faces, rigid bodies) present in normal individuals | negative symptoms |
| When schizophrenia is slow to develop (_______) recovery is doubtful. Such schizophrenics usually displays negative symptoms. | (chronic/process) |
| When schizophrenia rapidly develops ____ recovery is better. Such schizophrenics usually shows positive symptoms. | (acute/reactive) |
| Researchers have found that schizophrenic patients express higher levels of dopamine D4 receptors in the brain. | dopamine overactivity |
| Brain scans show abnormal activity in ______, ______, and ______ of schizophrenic patients. | frontal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, |
| emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties | psychotherapy |
| use of drugs or other procedures that act on the patient’s nervous system curing him of psychological disorders | biomedical therapy |
| uses various forms of healing techniques depending on the client’s unique problems. | eclectic approach |
| The first formal psychotherapy to emerge was _______ developed by Sigmund Freud. | psychoanalysis |
| Freud developed the method of ______________ to reveal the unconscious mind and its conflicts. | free association |
| a variation of psychodynamic therapy is effective in treating depression. focuses on symptom relief here and now | interpersonal psychotherapy |
| aims to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance. | humanistic therapies |
| developed by carl rogers | Person-centered therapy |
| during humanistic therapy The therapist engages in | acitve listening |
| Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. | behavior therapy |
| behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors | counterconditioning |
| counterconditioning includes | exposure therapy and aversive conditiong |
| Exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli commonly used to treat phobias. | systematic desensitization |
| Counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior. | aversive conditiong |
| Holds assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. | cognitive therapy |
| combines the reversal of self-defeating thinking with efforts to modify behavior | cognitive behavior therapy |
| normally consists of 6-9 people and a 90-minute session which can help more people and cost less. Clients benefit from knowing others have similar problems. | group therapy |
| treats the family as a system. Therapy guides family members toward positive relationships and improved communication. | family therapy |
| an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties | psychotherapy |
| belief a treatment will work | placebo effect |
| tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward the average | regression towards the mean |
| the therapist attempts to unlock and reprocess previously frozen traumatic memories by waving a finger in front of the eyes of a client. | emdr |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a form of depression has been effectively treated by | light exposure therapy |
| Hallucinations, disorganized thinking, deluded ways. | positive schitzo symptoms |
| Apathy, expressionless faces, rigid bodies. | negative schitzo symptoms |
| Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)]: Remove a number of positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia | classical antipsychotics |
| [Clozapine (Clozaril)]: Remove negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia | atypical antipsychotics |
| blocks receptors for dopamine and serotonin to remove the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. | Clozapine (Clozaril) |
| depress central nervous system and reduce anxiety and tension by elevating the levels of the Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter. | Antianxiety drugs (Xanax and Ativan) |
| are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Antidepressant drugs [Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil] |
| a common salt has been used to stabilize manic episodes in bipolar disorders. | lithium carbonate |
| is delivered to severely depressed patients who do not respond to drugs. | Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) |
| a pulsating magnetic coil is placed over prefrontal regions of the brain to treat depression, with minimal side effects. | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) |
| scientific evaluation of how we influence, relate to and think about one another. | social psychology |
| involves thinking about others, especially when they engage in doing things that are unexpected. | social thinking |
| Fritz Heider (1958) suggested that we have a tendency to give causal explanations for someone’s behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition. | attribution theory |
| Belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people and events. | attitude |
| tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request, to later comply with a larger request. | foot in the door phenomenon |
| the tendency for people to agree to a small request after first turning down a larger request. | door in the face phenomenon |
| that when our attitudes and actions are opposed, we experience tension, called | cognitive dissonance |
| The greatest contribution of social psychology is its study of attitudes, beliefs, decisions, and actions and the way they are molded by | social influence |
| adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard | conformity |
| adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard. | suggestibility |
| influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid rejection. | normative social influence |
| The group may provide valuable information, only stubborn people will never listen to others. | informative social influence |
| improved performance on a task in the presence of others. | social faciliation |
| enhances group’s prevailing attitudes through discussion. If a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens its prevailing opinions and attitudes | group polarization |
| Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives. | groupthink |
| an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members | prejudice |
| components to prejudice | Beliefs (stereotypes), Emotions (hostility, envy, fear), Predisposition to act (to discriminate) |
| negative attitude is __________ negative behavior is ____________ | prejudice, discrimination |
| People with whom one shares a common identity. | ingroup |
| Those perceived as different from one’s ingroup. | outgroup |
| can be any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy whether done reactively out of hostility or proactively as a calculated means to an end. | agression |
| Animals have been bred for aggressiveness and research, twin studies suggest genetic link, & in men, aggression may be linked to the Y chromosome. | genetic influences on agression |
| The limbic system (amygdala) and the frontal lobes are intimately involved with aggression. | neural influences on aggression |
| Animals with diminished amounts of testosterone (castration) become docile – if injected with testosterone aggression increases. | biochemical influences on aggression |
| Those made miserable often make others miserable. | aversive events |
| Geographic nearness is a powerful predictor of friendship | proximity |
| Repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases their attraction | mere exposure effect |
| Once proximity affords contact the next most important thing in attraction | physical appearance |
| A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. | equity |
| Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. | altruism |
| are shared goals that override differences and require cooperation. | superordinate goals |
| One side recognizes mutual interests and initiates a small conciliatory act that opens the door for reciprocation by the other party. | GRIT |
Created by:
educoi1