Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chem 2 ch 23
chapter 23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| radioactivity | when a nucleus is unstable and emits particles and/or electromagnetic radiation spontaneously |
| all elements with an atomic number greater than what are radioactive? | 83 |
| nuclear transmutation | results from the bombardment of nuclei by neutrons, protons, and other nuclei |
| Atomic number (Z)- | number of protons in nucleus |
| Mass Number (A)- | number of protons + number of neutrons |
| Proton | 1H 1 |
| neutron | 1n 0 |
| electron | 0β -1 |
| positron | oβ +1 |
| α particle | 4He 2 |
| isotopes | have the same number of protons but different mass number |
| When balancing nuclear equations what must you remember? | 1. Conserve the mass number (A) 2. Conserve the atomic number (Z) |
| isobars | are different types of atoms (nuclides)of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons |
| Coluomb's law | like charges repel and unlike charges attract |
| electron capture | the capture of an electron by the nucleus |
| Extra stable neutrons and protons are: | 2,8,20,50,82,126 |
| Noble gasses are extra stable e-= | 2,10,18,36,54,86 |
| Nuclei with even number of protons and neutrons are more stable than? | those with odd numbers of neutron and protons |
| Nuclear binding energy (BE) | is the binding energy required to break up a nucleus into its component protons and neutrons |
| E=mc2 | C=3.00 EE8 m/s E=energy m = mass |
| binding energy per nucleon = | binding energy/number of nucleons |
| nucleons | general term for protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
| Proton = | 1.007825 |
| neutron = | 1.008665 |
| Mass defect- | the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Radioactivity | the spontaneous emission by unstable nuclei of particles or electromagnetic radiations, or both |
| main types of radiation | alpha particles (He2+), beta particles, gamma rays, positron emission, and electron capture. |
| Radioactive decay series | a sequence of nuclear reactions that ultimately result in the formation of a stable isotope |
| Parent | the beginning radioactive isotope |
| Daughter | the product of the parent isotope |
| All radioactive decay follow what? | 1st order kinetics |
| t1/2= | o.693/lambda |
| lambda= | 1st order rate constant |
| N= | number of radioactive nuclei |
| t= | time |
| ln(Nt/N0)= | -lambda x t |
| nuclear transmutation | involves decay and the process of turning one element into another element by colliding two particles |
| trans-uranium elements | elements with atomic numbers greater then 92. |
| nuclear fission | the process in which a heavy nucleus divides to form a smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more neutrons |
| sub critical | insufficient size to sustain a chain reaction |
| moderators | substances that can reduce the kinetic energy of neutrons. They must be non-toxic fluid |
| breeder reactor | uses uranium fuel and it produces more fissionable materials than it uses |
| doubling-time | the time it takes a breeder reactor to produce enough materials to refuel the original reactor or another reactor |
| Nuclear chain reactions | is a self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions |
| critical mass | the minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction |
| nuclear fusion | the combining of two small nuclei into larger ones |
| thermonuclear reactions | another name for fusion reactions because they take place at extremely high temperatures |
| plasma | a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons |
| tracers | isotopes, especially radioactive isotopes that are used to trace the path of atoms of an element in a chemical or biological process |
| radicals | molecular fragments having one or more unpaired electrons, they usually are short-lived and highly reactive |
| somatic or genetic radiation | radiation damage to living systems |
| d= | 2H 1 |
| d= | 2H 1 |
| half life of carbon-14 is | 5730 years |
Created by:
majormayhem
Popular Chemistry sets