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Chapter 15
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hormone | chemical messengers used by the endocrine systems to regulate a number of body functions |
| hypophys/o, pituitat/o | combining form for pituitary gland |
| aden/o | combining form for gland |
| antidiuretic hormone | stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water and return it to circulation |
| oxytocin | stimulates the muscles of the uterus during the delivery of an infant |
| calc/o | What is the conbining form for this element that is deposited into bone and controlled by the thyroid gland? |
| blood | the parathyroids glands regulate the amount of calcium in the _____________ |
| cortisol | Which hormone has an antiflammatory effect? |
| estrogen & androgen | What are the sex hormones? |
| epinephrine | adrenaline |
| pancreat/o | combining form for the gland which the islets of Langerhans are located |
| gonad/o | combining form for reproductive glands |
| anorexia | lack of appetite |
| exophthalmia | protrusion of eyeballs from their orbits |
| glucosuria | pressence of glucose in the urine |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, expecially in women |
| hypocalacemia | condition of deficient calcium(Ca) in the blood |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | condition of deficient sugar in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
| hypokalemia | condition of deficient potassium (K) in the blood |
| hyponatremia | condition of deficient sodium (Na) in the blood |
| hypernatremia | excessive sodium in the blood |
| ketoacidosis | excessive amount of ketone acids in the bloodstream |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in urine |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation, such as prickling |
| polydipsia | condition of excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | condition of excessive appetite |
| polyuria | condition of excessive urination |
| tetany | continuous muscle spasms |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities |
| diabetes insipidus (DI) | undersecretation of ADH resulting in polydipsia and polyuria |
| Simmonds disease | deficiency of secretion of all pituitary harmones |
| Graves Disease | excessive secretion of the thyroid glands |
| Addison Disease | Insufficient secretion of adrenal cortisol from the adrenal cortex is manifested by gastric complaints, hypotension, and dehydration |
| Cushing disease | excessive secretion of cortisol leading to obesty, leukocytosis, hirsutism, hypokalermia, hyperglycemia, and muscle wasting |
| gestational diabetes | insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy |
| prediabetes | a condition in which an individual's blood glucose level is higher than normal, but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. |
| type 1 diabetes | total lack of insulin production resulting in glycosuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections |
| IDDM | type 1 diabetes previosly called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| type 2 diabetes | deficient insulin production associated with obesity and family history |
| NIDDM | type 2 diabetes previously call non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| A1c | measure of average blood glucose to monitor response to diabetes |
| fasting plasma glucose (FPG) | After a period of fasting, blood is drawn. the amount of glucose present is used to measure the body's ability to break down and use glucose. previously called fasting blood sugar (FBS) |
| urine glucose | a urine specimen is tested for the presence of glucose to monitor diabetes mellitus |
| adrenalectomy | excision of adreal gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of part or all of the thyroid gland & will result in a regrowth of normal function. |
| insulin replacement therapy | What is used to treat diabetes? |
Created by:
shagkitty