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Embalming Terms Q1
Conference Book Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abut | to touch or contact, as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids. |
| Action Level/AL Exposure Limits | these levels are established to ensure adequate protection of employees at exposures below the OSHA limits, whose employees have exposures below the 8-hour permissible exposure limit (PEL). The AL for formaldehyde is 0.5 ppm. |
| Adipocere (Grave Wax) | a wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil. |
| Aerobic | in the presence of free oxygen |
| Agonal Algor | decrese in body temperature immediately before death |
| Agonal Coagulation (Congealing) | in reference to blood, a change from a fluid into a thickened mass |
| Agonal Dehydration | the loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state |
| Agonal Edema | escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death |
| Agonal Fever | increase in body temperature immediately before death |
| Agonal Period | period immediately before somatic death |
| Agonal Translocation | see translocation |
| Algor Mortis | post mortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature |
| Anerobic | in the absence of free oxygen |
| Anatomical Position | the body is erect, feet together, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointed away from the body |
| Aneurysm Hook | an embalming instrument used to blunt dissection and in raising vessels; has an eye in the hook position of the instrument for placing ligatures around the vessels |
| Angular Spring Forceps | a multipurpose instrument used in the embalming process |
| Anomalies | deviation from the normal |
| Apparent Death | condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained |
| Arterial Tube | a tube used to inject embalming fluid into the blood vascular system |
| Asepsis | freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility |
| Asphyxia | insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from any of numerous causes |
| Autolysis | self |
| Bactericidal Agent | agent that destroys bacteria |
| Bacteriostatic Agent | agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth; No destruction of viability of the microorganism is implied |
| Balsamic Substance | resins combined with oil; a fragrant, resinous, oily exudates from various trees and plants |
| Biological Death | irreversible somatic death |
| Blood | cell –containing fluid that circulates through the blood vascular system and is composed of approximately 22% solids and 78% water |
| Blood Discoloration | discolorations resulting from change in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly |
| Buccal Cavity | vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth |
| Cadaver | dead human body used for medical purposes: including transplantation, anatomical dissection and study |
| Cadaveric Lividity | see livor mortis |
| Cadaveric Spasm | a prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscle into the rigidity of death |
| Carbohydrate | a compound of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that is an aldehyd or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol; Examples are sugars, starches, and glycogen |
| Carcinogen (Carcinogenicity) | a cancer |
| Cavity Embalming | direct treatment, other than vascular (arterial) injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lunia of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemicals using a trocar |
| Cellular Death | death of the individual cells of the body |
| Chemical Postmortem Change | change in the body’s chemical composition that occurs after death;for example, release of heme leading to postmortem staining |
| Clinical Death | a phase of somatic death lasting from 5 to 6 minutes in which life may be restored |
| Coagulating Agents | chemical and physical agents that bring about coagulation |
| Coma | mode of somatic death; death beginning at the brain |
| Concurrent Disinfection | disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process |
| Congealing | the process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or by contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde |
| Coroner | an official of a local community who holds inquests concerning sudden, violent, and unexplained deaths |
| Corpulence (Obesity) | having an abnormal amount of fat on the body |
| Coverall | plastic garment designed to cover the body from the chest down to the upper thigh |
| Cremated Remains | those elements remaining after cremation of a dead human body |
| Death | irreversible cessation of all vital function (nonlegal definition) |
| Death Rattle | noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity |
| Death Struggle | the semi-convulsive twitches which often occur before death |
| Decay | decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria |
| Decomposition | separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes |
| Desiccation | rendered thoroughly dry; exhausted of moisture |
| Desquamation (skin slip) | sloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis |
| Discoloration | any abnormal color in or upon the human body |
| Disease | any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system |
| Disinfectant | an agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease |
| Disinfection | the destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body |
| Drain Tubes | embalming instrument, inserted into a vein, used to aid the drainage of venous blood from the body |
| Drench shower– OSHA | required safety device for a release of a copious amount of water in a short time |
| Electrocardiogram/ECG (EKG) | record of the electrical activity of the heart |
| Electroencephalogram/EEG | a record of the electrical activity of the brain |
| Electric Spatula | an electrically heated blade that may be used to dry moist tissue, reduce swollen tissue, and restore contour |
| Embalming | process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhibit organic decomposition, and to restore an acceptable physical appearance. |
| Embalming Cavity | direct treatment other than vascular (arterial) embalming of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and then injection of chemicals using a trocar |
| Embalming hypodermic | injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar |
| Embalming surface | direct contact of internal or external body tissues with the embalming chemicals |
| Embalming vascular | the use of the vascular systems of the body for preservation, disinfection and restoration; usually accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins |
| Embalming Analysis (case analysis) | that consideration given to the dead body prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is completed; documentation is recommended |
| Enzyme | organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of autolytic decomposition. A protein that acts as a biological catalyst |
| Expert Tests of Death | any procedure used to prove a sign of death usually performed by medical personnel |
| Extravascular | outside the blood vascular system |
| Estravascular Blood Discoloration | discoloration of the body outside the blood vascular system, for example, ecchymosis, petechia, hematoma, and postmortem stain. |
| Extrinsic | from outside the body |
| Eye Wash Station | OSHA- required emergency safety device providing a steady stream of water for flushing the eye |
| Eyecap | a thin, done-like shell made of hardened cloth, metal, or plastic place beneat eyelids to restore natural curvature and to maintain the position of posed eyelids |
| Fat | a common name for a triglyceride ester that is a semisolid or solid at room temperature and contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids |
| Fatty Acids | a product of decomposition of fats |
| Febrile | characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body |
| Fermentation | bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates |
| Formaldehyde/HCHO | colorless, strong-smelling gas that when used in solution is a powerful preservative and disinfectant; a potential occupational carcinogen |
| Formaldehyde rule | OSHA regulation limiting the amount of occupational exposure to formaldehyde gas |
| Grave wax | see Adipocere |
| Groove director | instrument used to guide vein tubes into vessels |
| Hazard Communication Standard/Rule | OSHA regulation that deals with identifying and limiting exposure to occupational hazards |
| Hazardous Material | an agent or material exposing one to risk |
| Head rest | piece of equipment used to maintain the head in the proper position during the embalming process |
| Heme | the non-protein portion of hemoglobin; the red pigment of hemoglobin |
| Hemoglobin | the red respiratory portions of the red blood cells; iron containing pigment of red blood cells function to carry oxygen to the cells |
| Hemolysis | destruction of red blood cells that liberates hemoglobin |
| Human remains | body of a deceased person, including cremated remains |
| Hydrolysis | reaction in which water is one of the reactants and compounds are often broken down; In the hydrolysis of proteins, the addition of water accompanied by the action of enzymes results in the breakdown of protein into amino acids |
| Hypostasis (Agonal hypostasis, antemortem hypostasis, postmortem hypostasis) | settling of blood and/or other fluids to dependent portions of the body |
| Imbibition | the swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources |
| Inferior | beneath; lower; used medically in reference to the undersurface of an organ or indicating a structure below another structure; toward the feet |
| Injection | the act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues |
| Instantaneous Rigor Mortis | the immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body |
| Intravascular | within the blood vascular system |
| Intravascular blood discoloration | discoloration of the body within the blood vascular system; for example, hypostasis, carbon monoxide, and capillary congestion |
| Intrinsic | from within the body |
| Larvicide | substance used to kill insect larvae |
| Lateral | away from the midline |
| Ligate | to tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming |
| Lipolysis | decomposition of fats |
| Liver Mortis/Cadaveric Lividity | postmortem, intravascular, red |
| Lysin | a specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues |
| Lysosome | organelle that exists within a cell, but separate from the cell; containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down protein and certain carbohydrates |
| Maggot | an insect larva; especially fly larva |
| Mandibular suture | a stitch used to hold the mouth closed; placed behind the lips, one part is passed through around the inferior jaw at the median plane, while the other part extends thorugh the nasal septum or the superior frenulum |
| Medial | toward the midline |
| Medical Exxaminer | an official elected or appointed to investigate suspicious or unnatural deaths |
| Microbe (Microorganism) | a minute, one |
| Moribund | in a dying state; in the agonal period |
| Mouth Former | a device used in the mouth in shaping the contour of the lips |
| Material Safety Data Sheet/MSDS | THIS MUST ACCOMPNAY A HAZARDOUS PRODUCT; A REQUIREMNT OF THE DEPT OF LABOR AND OSHA AND UNDER THE HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD |
| Musculature Suture | method of mouth closure in which a suture is passed through the septum of the nose and through the mentalis muscle of the chin |
| Nasal Cavity | space between the roof of the mouth and the floor of the cranial cavity |
| Nasal Tube Aspirator | embalming instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils |
| Necrobiosis | antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement |
| Necrosis | pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism |
| Needle Injector | a mechanical device used to impel specially designed metal pins into bone |
| Nitrogenous Waste | metabolic by products that contain nitrogen, such as urea and uric acid |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administraiton/OSHA | a Governmental Agency with the responsibility for regulation and enforcement of safety and health matters for most United States employees; an individual state OSHA agency may supercede the U.S. Department of Labor OSHA regulations |
| Ophthalmoscope | an optical instrument with an accompanying light that makes it possible to examine the retina and to explore for blood circulation |
| Optimum | the most favorable condition for functioning |
| Oral Cavity | the mouth and the vestibule, or the opening to the throat |
| Packing forceps | embalming instrument used in filling the external orifices of the body |
| Parts Per Million/PPM | a method of expressing low concentrations; 1 PPM is equivalent to 1 milligrams per liter; in contaminated air, the parts of vapor or gas (formaldehyde) per million parts of air by volume; in solution the parts of chemical per million parts of solution |
| Pediculicide | substance able to destroy lice |
| Permissible Exposure Limit/PEL | the maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that is time |
| Personal Protection (protective) equipment/PPE | specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against hazard |
| Posterior | toward the back |
| Postmortem | period that begins after somatic death |
| Postmortem Caloricity | the rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism |
| Postmortem Physical Changes | a change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition |
| Postmortem Stain | extravascular color change that occurs when heme, released by hemolysis of red blood cells, seeps through the vessel walls and into the body tissues |
| Potential of Hydrogen/pH | power/potential of hydrogen; a number signifying the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution; the measure of hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, The scale ranges from 0 |
| Preparation room | that area or facility where embalming, dressing, cosmetizing, or other body preparation are effected |
| Preservation | see temporary preservation |
| Preservative Demand (formaldehyde demand) | amount of preservative (formaldehyde) required to effectively preserve the remains, amount depends on the condition of the tissues as determined in the embalming analysis |
| Primary disinfection | disinfection carried out prior to the embalming process |
| Prognathism | projection of the jaw or jaws that may cause problems with mouth closure and alignment of the teeth |
| Protein | organic compound found in plants and animals; can be broken down into amino acides |
| Proteolysis | decomposition of proteins |
| Ptomaine | any one of a groupd of nitrogenous organic compounds formed by the action of putrefactive bacteria on proteins; indole, skatole, cadaverine, and putrescine |
| Purge | postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure |
| Putrefaction | decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria |
| Razor burn (razor abrasion) | a darkened, air |
| Restoration | treatments of the deceased in the attempt to recreate natural form and color |
| Rigor Mortis | postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes |
| Saccharolysis | decomposition of sugars |
| Sanitation | a process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards |
| Saponification | the reaction between a fat and a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap); process of soap formation; as related to decomposition, the conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grav |
| Saprophytic Bacteria | bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter |
| Scalpel | a 2 piece embalming instrument consisting of a handle and a blade used to make incisions and excisions |
| Serrated | notched on the edge like a saw, as seen with forceps |
| Sharps | hypodermic needles, suture needles, injector needles, scalpel blades, razor blades, pins, and other items sharp enough to cause percutnaeous injury, penetration of unbroken skin; may include other items normally not disposed of following use, such as sci |
| Sharps container | OSHA |
| Short term exposure limit/STEL | legal limits established by OSHA to which workers can be exposed continuously for a short period of time without damage or injury, exposure at the STEL should not be for more than 15 minutes and not repeated more than four times per workday |
| Sign of death | manifestation of death in the body |
| Somatic Death | death of the organism as a whole |
| Stethoscope | delicate instrument used to detect almost inaudible sounds produced in the body |
| Subcutaneous | situated or occurring beneath the skin |
| Superficial | pertaining to or situated near the surface |
| Superior | more elevated in place or position; higher; upper; anatomically towards the head |
| Surface compress | cloth, wet or dry, folded and applied firmly to a body part |
| Surface embalming | the direct contact of body tissues with embalming chemicals |
| Surface Pack | an absorbent material compress saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct contact with the tissue |
| Temporary preservation | the science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition |
| Terminal disinfection | institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains |
| Test of death | any procedure used to prove a sign of death |
| Thanatology | study of death |
| Topical Disinfection | disinfection of the surface of the body or an object |
| Translocation | an agonal or postmortem resdistribution of host microflora on a hostwide basis |
| Transverse | lying at right angles to the long axis of the body |
| Trauma | a physical injury or would caused by external force or violence |
| Trocar Button | a plastic threaded screw |
| Time | weighted average/TWA |
| Unionall | plastic garment designed to cover the entire body from the chest down to and including the feet |
| Vacuum Breaker | apparatus that prevents the back |
| Vascular (arterial) embalming | the use of the blood vascular system of the body for temporary preservation, disinfection, and restoration; accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins |
| Viscosity | the resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between the molecules of a liquid; the thickness of a liquid |
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jayseward