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endocrine term
endocrine system terms and roots
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pituitary gland, hypophysis cerebri | pea-sized at base of brain; pituitary divided into 2 lobes |
| pituitary anterior lobe (or adenohypophysis) | makes growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACH) stims adrenal cortex, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stims thyroid gland, gonadotropic hormones affecting male/female repro systems |
| pit. ant. lobe con't. | makes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) to reg development/function of ovaries/testes, prolacting/lactogenic hormone (PRL) to develop glandular tissue during pregnancy and milk after birth |
| pit. posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) | stores/releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | stims kidney to reabsorb water |
| oxytocin | stims uterine contractions during labor/postpartum |
| hypothalamus | secretes 'releasing' hormone to stimulate/inhibit release of pit. gland hormones |
| thyroid gland | largest endocrine gland (behind larynx) w bilateral lobes; needs iodine to secrete hormones T3 and T4 (for cell metabolism) |
| parathyroid glands | 4 small bodies behind thyroid, makes parathormone to maintain calcium levels in blood |
| islets of langerhands | clusters of endocrine tissue in pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon |
| adrenal glands/suprarenals | paired glands above kidneys: secrete aldosterone (for electrolyte balance), cortisol/hydrocortisone (glucose levels for energy), epinephrine/adreneline and norepinephrine/noradrenaline increase BP, heartbeat, respiration |
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| cortic/o | cortex (outer layer) |
| endocrin/o | endocrine |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| thyroid/o thry/o | thyroid gland |
| acr/o | extremities, height |
| calc/i | calcium |
| dips/o | thirst |
| kal/i | potassium |
| natr/o | sodium |
| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities (and bones of face, hands, feet by excessive growth hormone from pituitary gland post-puberty) |
| adenitis | infl of a gland |
| adenodynia | pain in gland |
| adenomalacia | softening of a gland |
| adenomegaly | enlargement of a gland |
| adenosis | ab cond of a gland |
| adrenalitis | infl of adrenal gland |
| adrenomegaly | enlargement of one/both adrenal glands |
| hypercalemia | excessive calcium (Ca) in blood |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium (K) in blood |
| hyperthyroidism | excessive thyroid gland activity w/ excessive secretion of thyroid hormones) |
| hypocalcemia | deficient calcium in blood |
| hyponatremia | deficient level of sodium (Na) in blood |
| hypokalemia | deficient potassium in blood |
| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid gland |
| thyroiditis | infl of the thyroid gland |
| acidosis | cond of ab accumulation of acid products of metabolism (frequently in diabetes mellitus) |
| addison disease | chronic syndrome from deficient hormonal secretion by adrenal cortex; includes weakness, skin darkening, loss of appetite, depression |
| cretinism | cond by congenital absence/atrophy of the thyroid gland resulting in hypothyroidism; includes puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, dwarfism |
| Cushing syndrome | sydrome w excessive production of cortisol by adrenal cortex w pigmented skin, moon face, fat on chest/abdomen, buffalo hump (fat on upper back), and muscle atrophy |
| diabetes insipidus (DI) | results from decresed secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of pit. gland; includes thirst (polydipsia), much urine (polyuria) and sodium being excreted from body |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic disease of carbohydrate metabolism; caused by underactivity of the islets of Langerhans in pancreas w insufficient production of insulin. patient develops ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma. |
| gigantism | cond brought on by overproduction of growth hormone by pit. gland before puberty |
| goiter | enlargement of thyroid gland |
| Graves disease | dis of thyroid glandw hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exophthalmos |
| ketosis | from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; body has ab concentration of ketone bodies (compounds that are normal product of fat metabolism) |
| myxedema | cond from deficiency of thyroid hormond thyroxine (severe form of hypothyroidism in adult) w puffiness of face/hands, course/thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, anemia |
| tatany | cond affecting nerves causing muscle spasms from low calcium in blood by deficiency of parathyroid hormone |
| thyrotoxicosis | cond of excessive thyroid hormones |
| thyroidotomy | incision of thyroid gland |
| radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU) | nuclear med scan that measures thyroid function |
| thyroid scan | nuc med test that shows size, shape, position of thyroid gland; image recorded on scanner to detect tumors/nodules |
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | blood test determining amount of glucose in blood after fasting 8-10 hours (elevation indicates diabetes mellitus) |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH) (thyrotropin) | blood test for thyroid stim hormone in blood to diagnose hyperthyroidism and monitor patients on replacement tx |
| thyroixine level (T4) | blood study for amt of thyroxine in blood (too much is hyperthyroidism; too little is hypothyroidism) |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | excessive devp of adrenal cortex |
| adrenopathy | disease of adrenal gland |
| calcipenia | deficiency of calcium |
| cortical | per to cortex |
| corticoid | resembling the cortex |
| endocrinopathy | any disease of the endocrine system |
| euthyroid | resembling a normal functioning thyroid gland |
| polydipsia | ab thirst |
| syndrome | set of symptoms that run together |
| exophthalmos | ab protrusion of the eyeball |
| hormone | chemical substance secreted by endocrine gland that is carried to target tissue by blood |
| isthmus | narrow strip of tissue connecting two large parts of body (such as isthmus that connects thyroid gland lobes) |
| metabolism | sum total of all chemical processes that take place in organism |
Created by:
rco1234