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chapter 4! Leah
chapter 4!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social structure | network of interrelated statuses and roles that guides human interaction |
| status | socially defined position in a group or in a society |
| role | behavior- the rights and obligations- expected of someone occupying a particular status |
| ascribed | status assigned according to standards that are beyond a persons control. age, sex, family, heritage, and race are example of ascribed statuses |
| achieved status | status acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge, or ability |
| master status | status that plays the greatest role in shaping a persons life and determining his or her social identity. |
| reciprocal roles | corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses |
| role performance | actual behavior of a person performing a role |
| role set | different roles atached to a single status |
| role conflict | situation that occurs when fulfilling the expectations of one role makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of a person performing a role |
| role strain | situation that occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the expectations of a single role. |
| social institution | system of statuses, roles, values, and norms that is organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society. |
| george simmel | |
| exchange | individual, group, or societal interaction undertaken in an effort to recieve a reward in return for actions |
| recipricity | idea that if you do something for someone, they owe you something in return. |
| exchange theory | theory that holds that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people |
| competition | interaction that occurs when two or more persons or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only one can attain |
| conflict | deliberate attempt to oppose, harm, control by force, or resist the will of another person or persons |
| cooperation | interaction that occurs when two or more persons or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit mant people. |
| accommodation | state of balance between cooperation and conflict |
| group | set of two or more people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of common identity |
| subsistence strategies | ways in which a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members |
| preindustrial society | type of society in which food production -carried out through the use of human and animal labor-is the main economic activity |
| hunting and gathering societies | type of society characterized by the daily collection of wild plants and the hunting of wild animals as the main form of substances |
| pastoral society | type of society characterized by a reliance domesticated herd animals as the main form of substance. |
| division of labor | specialization by individuals or groups in the performance of specific economic activities |
| horticultural society | type of society characterized by a reliance on vegetables grown in garden plots as the main form of substance |
| agricultural society | type of society characterized by the use of draft animals and plows in the tilling of fields |
| barter | practice of exchanging one good for another |
| industrial society | type of society in which the mechanized production of goods is the main economic activity |
| urbanization | concentration of the population in cities |
| postindustrial society | type of society in which economic activity centers on the production of information and the provision of services |
| mechanical solidarity | close-knit social relationships common in preindustrial societies that result when a small group of people share the same values and perform the same tasks |
| organic solidarity | impersonal social |
Created by:
miss120692