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psc final exam

Final Notes

QuestionAnswer
urbinization movement from rural areas to the city.
Land Reform polocies to break up large land holdings and redistribute land to poor peasants for use in subsistence farming
Subsustence farming communities that grow their own food.
Cash Crops agricultural goods produced for export to world markets.
Basic human needs food , shelter , and other basic necessities of daily life
War in the global South both international and civil war , is a leading obstacle to the provision of basic needs.
malnutrition the lack of needed foods including protein and vitamins.
Hunger does not usually kill people through outright starvation but it weakens them and leaves them susceptible to infectious diseases that would nor ordinarily be fatal.
Migration people crossing international borders often illegally to reach another country , frome poorer to richer states.produces complex patterns of winner and losers.
UNICEF has helped women to get bank loans on favorable terms to start up small businesses in Egypt and Pakistan as well as cooperative farms in Indonesia.
Morrocco/ Canary Islands when Spain cracked down on the crossings at the Morroccan enclaves, Africans set out in boats and rafts to reach the Spanish owned Canary Islands in the Atlantic off Morrocco.
Refugees people fleeing to find refuge from war, naturla disaster , or poletical prosecution.
Acceptance of refugees is a collective goods problem, which state must bear the cost?
Most politicized refugee problem Palestinians displaced in the 1948 and 1967 Arab- Israeli wars ( and their children and grand children) They live n camps that have become long term neighborhoods such mainly in Jordan , Lebanon and the Palestinian territories of Gaza and the West bank
Theories of accumulation Economic accumualtion
Economic Accumulation a view of the problem from the prespective of capitalism is based on liberal economics - stressing overall efficiency in maximizing economic growth. Capitilism eats its children
Socialism view of economics concerned with the distribution of wealth as much as the absolute creaton of wealth. , believes cap's exploit cheap labor and cheap rescources.
Capitalism view based on liberal economics stressing overall efficiency in maximizong economic growth.
Market capitalism to state owned industries Venzuela, Bolovia, Ecuadore and Nicaragua.
Capitalism Economics development is based on capital accumulation, cration of stanidng capital , Production of economic surplus , more rescources available 4 investmnet above the minimiumlevel of consumption needed to sustain human life, Industrial Revolution world accumul'n
Capt Economics CNTD Information technologies, Route to economic development for the global south uncertain ,
Capital Accumulation the creation of standing wealth such as buildings roads, and factories.
economic surplus using capital to create more capital.
World System The global system of regional class divisions aka capitalist worl economy .
Imperialism " creating an empire" especially in the 16th and mid 20th centuries, structured world order starkly around the dominance principle with masters, slaves and conquerors and conqured people with their land , labor and treasures.
European Imperialism 15th ce ntury , with the development of ocean going sailing ships in whuch a small crea could transport a sizable cargo over a long distance.
Decimated. kill every tenth person
Effects of colonialism being colonized had a devatating effect on a people and culture, inhabitanta are forced to speak the language of the colonizers.
A state in which a foreign MNC operates is called the ____, whereas the state where the MNC has its headquarters is called the _______ Host country, home country
How does the European Parliament compare to the Council of the European Union? The European Parliament is a debating forum with limited legislative power, whereas the Council of the European Union is the legislative body in the EU.
The interest rate, the government charges when it loans money to private banks is known as the Discount rate
With respect to the decisions of the Federal Reserve, which of the following is false? Other states' monetary policies do not affect decisions of the Fed
What is a challenge in terms of the public discussion of global warming (GW)? most world's lead scientists in gen agreement,bt hv specific areas of disag't,dif 2 find long-term measures of impact of various factors lead'n 2 GW, most world leaders are not trained in science find'n it dif to comprehend aspects of sc'fic data across w
Trans-national communities of experts and policymakers concerned with particular environment all issues are known as Epistemic communities
Sustainable economic development means Development that does not plead resources and destroy ecosystems so quickly that the basis of development itself is undermined 100%
Biodiversity Refers to the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species on the earth,Is similar to global warming and that the costs of species loss or immediate and substantial, but the benefits of preserving species are long-term and ill defined
The largest oil exporting country in the world is Saudi Arabia
Which of the following is not a way in which the political economy of minerals differs from that of energy? Suppliers of minerals have created cartels with influences on supply equivalent and as powerful as that of OPEC for oil
The IMF established _________ as the replacement for gold is a world standard Special Drawing Rights
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of globalization and integration of financial markets? Economic crises are prevented from spreading quickly from one state to another
Among the costs of integration for states is Greater centralization at a time when individuals and groups want more autonomy
Cultural imperialism refers to The dominance of global culture by the United States 100%
The Maastricht treaty includes all of the following except Eliminating non-tariff barriers to trade
International integration is The process by which supranational institutions come to replace national ones,The gradual shifting upward of sovereignty from state to regional or global structures
Which of the following was not one of the six original members of the European Coal and Steel Community? Great Britain
How is monetary policy distinguished from fiscal policy? Monetary policy is government decisions about printing and circulating money, whereas fiscal policies, government decisions about spending and taxation
What is a major financial issue that China will have to deal with in the coming years that forces the country to choose between continued economic growth and better relations with trading partners? The degree of float of its currency
International organizations that are supranational Subsume several states within a larger whole
For many centuries, prior to the current era, the global currency that had value in all countries was Precious metals
Why would one not want to hold the currencies of particular countries? They may be losing their value rapidly due to inflation, One may not be able to trade it for another currency
When Pres. Nixon took the United States off the gold standard in the 1970s, the international economic system moved from_________ exchange rates to_________ exchange rates fixed, floating
How does the European Commission compare to the Council of the European Union? Commission membership is based on one member per member State, whereas Council of the European Union membership varies from one meeting to the next depending on the topic being discussed
An exchange rate is The rate at which a state's currency can be exchanged for a different state's currency
The most successful example of international integration is The European Union
The tragedy of the commons metaphor suggests that If individuals act out as short-term self-interest, all may suffer in the long run
Which of the following is the greenhouse gas that accounts for most of global warming? Carbon dioxide
A type of policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception, is referred to as Pronatalist
Rain forests Are home to as many as half of the world's species and slow down global warming,Are cleared for agriculture
Which of the following is a possible consequence of global warming? An increase in agricultural productivity in some regions
The role of multinational corporations in international political relations is one where They are agents of their home and national governments,National governments are not agents of MNCs,They are "citizens of the world," beholden to no government,MNCs have clear national identities
The first step in creating crosscutting economic linkages in Europe after World War II that would prevent future wars called for the merger of which industries? Steel and oil
Which of the following is the order of progression of economic integration? Free-trade area, customs union, common market, economic union
The free flow of capital and labor across borders occurs in A common market,An economic union
The EU institution that adjudicates disputes that arise under EU law is the European Court of Justice
Which of the following is an implication of expanding the EU's membership? There will be greater differences in wealth among members
Only states can be parties to cases before the World Court. true
The integration theory that asserts that technological and economic development lead to more and more supranational structures as states seek practical means to fulfill certain activities is Functionalism
The summary of a state's financial transactions with the rest of the world, including trade, foreign aid, and the remittance of income by citizens employed abroad is known as a Balance of payments
If a national currency is convertible, this means It can be exchanged for another currency
What is the common interest of states with respect to currencies? Stability in exchange rates, so that speculators do not profit at the expense of central banks
With respect to the 1997 Kyoto Potocol, which of the following is false? Countries in the global South are subject to the same emission reduction goals because their total production of carbon dioxide is similar to that of industrialized countries.
Which of the following has been most reluctant to agree to a treaty calling for specific reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by a certain target date? The United States
Compared to global warming, addressing the hole in the ozone layer is Simpler, because the consequences of ozone depletion are better understood and more immediate
In which group is most of the increase in the Internet users occurring? Wealthy people
Which of the following is not part of the global commons? Rain forests
In which region is water scarcity a particular problem? The Middle East
The _________ River flows through Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan, adding to the conflict among them. Jordan
The ________ contributes technical and financial aid to benefit children in poor countries. The UN Children's Fund
Conflict related to members of an ethnic group living as a minority in a neighboring state is occurring in Russia and Moldova.
A situation in which individuals organize their lives and communities around religious beliefs, which are held as absolute truth, and are willing to sacrifice or even die for those beliefs is fundamentalism
Iran's Revolutionary Guards, the Mahdi Army in southern Iraq, and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon are all Islamist groups associated with what branch of Islam? Shi'ite.
The systematic destruction of ethnic or religious groups in whole or in part is genocide.
Territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from the state's coastline? 3 miles
Secession movements Are rarely successful,Sometimes want to merge their territory with a neighboring state,treated as domestic problems that are of little concern to other statesm,Attempt to draw int'l borders around a province or region to create a new state.
Which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence? The use of violence would diminish the prophet of economic transactions more than could be gained by such violence.
Ethnic groups Share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties and a common identity,Come into conflict because they hate each other.
Which of the following is not a possible cause of war at the domestic level of analysis? Aggression of leaders.
Which islands in the South China Sea are the source of conflict between several countries? Spratly Islands.
Since World War II, an international norm has developed Against attempting to alter borders by force.
States can exclude others from entering which of the following? 12 mile limit from the coastline,Airspace.
Why is drug trafficking considered an international security issue when other types of smuggling are not? Military forces participate regularly in operations against heavily armed drug traffickers.
A legal tradition associated with Islam is called Sharia
The tendency to see one's own group in favorable terms and other groups in unfavorable terms is Ethnocentrism.
Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because Religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth.
Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because It is predominant in areas the world were geographical and historical circumstances encourage conflict
Which of the following is NOT among the countries that either have or will soon have military capabilities in space? Great Britain
The ________ is the United States'' largest military intelligence agency nsa
The largest concentration of uniformed US troops is in The United States
Approximately how many people are injured by land mines every year? 25,000
The nation that exports the largest number of arms is United States
Terrorism is preferred by states. FALSE
Chain of command" refers to The precise link that establishes responsibility for every person in a military organization
The UN Conference on International Trade and Development negotiates international trade agreements to stabilize commodity prices and promote development. true
Amnesty International is an example of a(n) nongovernmental organization (NGO).
Which UN institution controls the finances of the organization? General Assembly
The IGOs that have been more successful are global in scope. false
The laws of war reserve a special role for the... International Committee of the Red Cross
According to the UN Charter, states are equal under international law. true
The executive branch of the UN is the Secretariat
Various theories of international relations have been able to identify with precision and clarity the main causes of war. false
Efforts to combat a guerilla army are known as counterinsurgency.
Which the following is not a tangible interest over which conflict might occur? Religious differences.
The use of terrorist groups by states usually under control of the state’s intelligence agency to achieve political aims is called state sponsored terrorism
Constructing and delivering a suit-case size nuclear device is currently theoretically possible, but very difficult to implement from an engineering perspective
Idealists worry about nuclear proliferation; while realists tend not to worry. true
MAD stands for Mutually assured destruction
Only states can be parties to cases before the World Court. treu
Which of the following is NOT a type of weapon of mass destruction? conventional
A coup d'etat may be put down by an outside military force 2. is a change of political power outside a state''s constitutional order. 3. is the seizure of political power by domestic military forces 4. is a blow against the state.
After investigation, the UN determined that in Darfur something grave, but short of genocide had taken place
The International Criminal Court, as distinct from the International Court of Justice (IJC, or World Court) was created to address... genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity
______ refers to a state's use of force, or its imminent threat to do so. aggression
According to international law, decisions about who can enter, or migrate to a state are determined by the laws of the state itself
A package sent between an embassy and home country that cannot be searched is called a/an diplomatic pouch
When a diplomat presents his or her credentials and they are accepted that individual is said to possess diplomatic recognition
International relations affects the goods that students consume. 100%
The two major subfields of international relations are international security and international political economy
which of the following is not a component of a state? democracy 100%
Sovereignty is A state government answering to no higher authority
A nation is a group of people who share characteristics such as language and culture.
An example of a political entity, often referred to as a state, but not formally recognized as one is Taiwan.
The International Committee of the Red Cross is an example of an IGO false
Nonstate actors are groups and interest within states that influence the state's foreign policy. 2. actors that operate below the state level as well as across state borders. 3. groups like Amnesty International and the United fruit Company. 4. act
An organization whose members are national governments is a(n) intergovernmental organization (IGO).
The_____level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings. individual
The incident that precipitated World War I was the assassination of Arcduke Ferdinand of Austria.
Recent crises involving nuclear weapons programs involved which of the following countries? North Korea and Iran.
Which of the following is an argument supporting the notion that states have lost power? Nonstate actors pay an increasingly important part in world politics. 3. Religion has replaced allegiance to the state for some people.
With respect to globalization, policies to expand free trade are a central focus of anti-globalization protesters
How is the identity principle distinguished from dominance and reciprocity principles? The identity principle does not rely and self-interest, where is the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest.
Why our collective goods easier to provide in small groups than in large groups? The defection of one member is harder to conceal. 2. the defection of one member has a greater impact on the overall collective good.
What is the key problem of international relations? Getting a group of two or more states to serve its collective interest when doing so requires its members to forgo their individual interests.
The post Cold War era is more complex and unpredictable than the Cold War period,more peaceful than the Cold War period,characterized by a more global international economy,characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease, which have become mo
During the Cold War, the two superpowers often jockeying for position in the global South, supporting proxy wars in which they typically supplied and advised opposing factions in civil wars. true
For many centuries, prior to the current era, the global currency that had value in all countries was Precious metals
An exchange rate is The rate at which a state's currency can be exchanged for a different state's currency
Why would one not want to hold the currencies of particular countries? They may be losing their value rapidly due to inflation 3. One may not be able to trade it for another currency
If a national currency is convertible, this means It can be exchanged for another currency
What is the common interest of states with respect to currencies? Stability in exchange rates, so that speculators do not profit at the expense of central banks
The interest rate, the government charges when it loans money to private banks is known as the Discount rate
With respect to the decisions of the Federal Reserve, which of the following is false? Other states' monetary policies do not affect decisions of the Fed
When Pres. Nixon took the United States off the gold standard in the 1970s, the international economic system moved from_________ exchange rates to_________ exchange rates fixed, floating
The IMF established _________ as the replacement for gold is a world standard Special Drawing Rights
The summary of a state's financial transactions with the rest of the world, including trade, foreign aid, and the remittance of income by citizens employed abroad is known as a Balance of payments
How is monetary policy distinguished from fiscal policy? Monetary policy is government decisions about printing and circulating money, whereas fiscal policies, government decisions about spending and taxation
The role of multinational corporations in international political relations is one where They are agents of their home and national governments 2. National governments are not agents of MNCs 3. They are "citizens of the world," beholden to no government 4. MNCs have clear national identities
A state in which a foreign MNC operates is called the ____, whereas the state where the MNC has its headquarters is called the _______ Host country, home country
What is a major financial issue that China will have to deal with in the coming years that forces the country to choose between continued economic growth and better relations with trading partners? The degree of float of its currency
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of globalization and integration of financial markets? Economic crises are prevented from spreading quickly from one state to another
The IGOs that have been more successful are global in scope. false
According to the UN Charter, states are equal under international law. true
The current secretary-general of the UN is Ban Ki-moon. true
Only states can be parties to cases before the World Cour true
The UN Conference on International Trade and Development negotiates international trade agreements to stabilize commodity prices and promote development. true
Amnesty International is an example of a(n) nongovernmental organization (NGO).
The executive branch of the UN is the Secretariat
Which UN institution controls the finances of the organization? General Assembly
The ________ contributes technical and financial aid to benefit children in poor countries. The UN Children's Fund
The laws of war reserve a special role for the... International Committee of the Red Cross
The tragedy of the commons metaphor suggests that If individuals act out as short-term self-interest, all may suffer in the long run
Trans-national communities of experts and policymakers concerned with particular environment all issues are known as Epistemic communities
Sustainable economic development means Development that does not plead resources and destroy ecosystems so quickly that the basis of development itself is undermined
The 1997 agreement that adopted a complex formula for reducing greenhouse emissions to 1990 levels in the global North is kyoto protocols
Which of the following has been most reluctant to agree to a treaty calling for specific reductions in greenhouse gas emissions by a certain target date? The United States
Compared to global warming, addressing the hole in the ozone layer is Simpler, because the consequences of ozone depletion are better understood and more immediate
Biodiversity Refers to the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species on the earth,Is similar to global warming and that the costs of species loss or immediate and substantial, but the benefits of preserving species are long-term and ill defined
Which of the following is a way in which the political economy of minerals differs from that of energy? value of int'l trade and oil is many times greater than that of any mineral, Ind'lized countries to reduce their vulnerability by stockpiling strategic minerals,supply of minerals is not so concentrated in one region of the world as is with oil , Supplier
Which of the following is not part of the global commons? Rain forests
A type of policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception, is referred to as Pronatalist
Fossil fuels include Coal and natural gas
Economic development Refers to the combined processes of capital accumulation, rising per capita incomes (with falling birth rates), increasing skills in the population, adoption of new technological styles, and other related social and economic changes.
(NICS) newly industrializing countries
Four tiger/ dragons East Asia : South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore
Fastest-growing economy in past two decades China
Tianemen Square anti government protest by students, industrial workers and some gov officails; over such problems such as inflation and corruption
The most politicized refugee problem for decades has been that of Palestinians displaced in the 1948 and 1967 Arab-Israeli wars.
What was the first of the eight Millennium Development Goals? to cut in half the proportion of the world's population living in extreme poverty
According to dependency theory, what third form of dependency became more common after WWII? penetration of national economies by MNCs
Many newly independent states free of colonial rule faced what kind of structural economic problem? Their economies rested on the export of one or two products.
Which of the following was often a positive economic aspect of colonization? local economic accumulation
Decolonization began when the first ________ colony declared its independence in 1776. British
World-systems theory has a ________ orientation. Marxist
________ are agricultural goods produced for exports for world markets. Cash crops
International law distinguishes migrants from ________, people fleeing to find refuge from war, natural disaster, or political persecution. refugees
What is the term used to describe the continuation of colonial exploitation without formal political control? neocolonialism
UNESCO defines literacy as the ability to read and write a simple sentence.
Of the five regions of the global South, which is/are experiencing the fastest economic growth? both China and South Asia
Which of the following gained independence from Great Britain through nonviolent resistance? India
The outright lack of sufficient calories to sustain life is undernourishment.
The 75 percent of the world's people living in the global South have approximately ________ percent of the world's doctors and nurses. 30
Many third world countries are moving to sell off large state-owned industries in a process known as privatization.
Marxist IR scholars define ________ as a situation in which accumulation of capital cannot sustain itself internally. dependency
A(n) ________ economy is one in which foreign capital is invested in a third world country in order to extract a particular raw material. enclave
In the world-system, the regions that mostly manufacture goods are referred to as the core.
Which of the following is a primary cause of third world revolutions? poverty and lack of access to basic human needs
In the world system, extraction regions are called the periphery.
In the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, the eastern Mediterranean came under the Turkish-based ________, which gave relative autonomy to local cultures if they paid tribute. Ottoman Empire
________ favor the redistribution of wealth toward the workers who produce the wealth. Socialists
During the Cold War years, the classic third world revolutionary movement was a communist insurgency based in the countryside
A migrant moves to a new country in search of better economic opportunities
As a result of colonialism, infrastructure was built and cities grew. true
As a result of colonialism, infrastructure was built and cities grew. False
Approximately 1/8 of the world's population is chronically undernourished. true
In 2007, the number of refugees in the world was eight million. false
Worldwide, nearly twice as many men as women are illiterate. false
Food, shelter, and other necessities people require to feel secure are referred to as basic human needs. true
The creation of standing wealth such as buildings, railroads, and factories is known as capital accumulation true
Colonialism disrupted the pattern of subsistence farming in rural areas. true
Colonialism had a relatively positive effect on the indigenous people of the colonial world. false
The main opponents of land reform are large landowners. true
Urbanization is caused primarily by higher population growth in cities than in the countryside. false
Fear of immigration is one reason why Swiss voters accepted membership in the EU. false
In world-system theory, the semiperiphery is an area in which there are high levels of manufacturing and capital accumulation false
In the wave of decolonization after World War II, it was indigenous populations in Asia and Africa, not local colonists, who won independence. true
Trade has been the primary focus of which newly industrializing country? Singapore
Which of the following newly industrializing countries can be considered a city-state? Singapore
The economic reforms that took place in China in the last 30 years are the responsibility of Deng Xiaoping.
Some small countries in the Middle East have done well economically because of their large oil exports.
Renegotiating debt means changing the payment terms of a loan.
The New International Economic Order calls for increased development assistance from the North
Which OECD member gives the lowest percentage of GDP in foreign aid? the United States
Foreign assistance comes primarily from governments in the North.
Grants that can be used to buy certain products from the donor state are credits.
The ability of a country to put investments to productive use is absorptive capacity
State-to-state aid that goes directly from one government to another is called bilateral aid.
Artificially favorable terms on a loan are referred to as concessionary terms.
USAID stands for U.S. Agency for International Development.
Government assistance that flows to third world countries through UN agencies is called multilateral aid.
After the death of Mao, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping instituted economic reforms that included free economic zones
One way for a nation to create a trade surplus is through the development of local industries to produce items that a country had been importing. This is known as import substitution.
The 1991 collapse of ________, India's major trading partner, threw India into a severe economic crisis that nearly caused it to default on its international debts. the Soviet Union
How did Brazil's new leftist president, Lula da Silva, handle its troubled economy? He reigned in spending and brought down inflation at the short-term cost of an economic recession.
The related approach to capitalization in very poor countries that uses small loans to poor people, especially women, to support economic self-sufficiency is microcredit.
The capitalist theory that unequal income distributions are related to higher economic growth is only weakly supported by empirical evidence.
South Korea and Turkey were both successful capital accumulators that started with authoritarian rule and evolved into democracies.
The Paris Club was created to help solve what problem? a collective goods problem for state lenders in debt renegotiations
India has relied mostly on the dominance principle to force individuals to take actions that are in society's interest. false
Capitalists tend to favor consumption as a way to spur investment rather than accumulation of capital. false
In recent years, China's growth has begun to squeeze the available labor force and push wages up. true
UN development programs are funded largely through voluntary contributions by rich states. true
Military aid is not normally included in development assistance, but in a broad sense belongs there true
More and more states have shifted to a strategy of import-led growth, a strategy used by NICs. false
Thailand is a communist state following a reform model modeled on China's. false
NICs stands for Newly industralizing Countries. true
The four tigers include South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Thailand. false, south korea, tawain, singapore , hong kong
The process of taking profits from the operation of an MNC-owned industry in one country back to the home country of the MNC is known as repatriation true
UNCTAD stands for United Nations Conference on Trade and Disarmament. false , UN confrence on trade and develoment
The Peace Corps is a British agency that provides volunteers for technical development assistance. false, US agencey
The Oxfam model of development assistance involves governments and private organizations providing ongoing assistance in the form of projects designed to meet basic needs. false, devoted to short term aid to famine victims, land , water, seed, tools and technichal training
The agreements that provide loans from the IMF to third world countries are popular and widely accepted in those countries. false
Students, workers, and some government officials protested against the government in Tiananmen Square in China in 1989. true
Taiwan specializes in electronics and has one of the world's largest hard-currency reserves. true
The process whereby a commons is split into privately held pieces of property in order to manage resources responsibly is known as enclosure
Which of the following is characteristic of the final stage of demographic transition? low birth rates
Air and water pollution are typically ________ problems. regional
In 1986, a meltdown at a nuclear reactor in what nation created airborne radioactivity that spread over much of Europe? Soviet Union
the infant mortality rate. The proportion of babies who die within their first year of life is known as
What percentage of the earth's surface is covered by oceans? 70%
In the 1987 Montreal Protocol, 22 states agreed to reduce CFCs by 50 percent.
The regions of the industrialized West are all large net importers of energy. true
Of the increase in population from now through 2030 the vast majority will occur in the global South.
Sustainable development refers to economic growth that does not deplete resources and destroy ecosystems so quickly that the basis of that economic growth is itself undermined. true
The hole in the ozone layer may lead to a reduction in agricultural yields. true
Birthrates are influenced by the status of women in society. true
The middle stage of demographic transition is characterized by high birthrates true
The United States has not ratified the treaty on biodiversity adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit true
The tragedy of the commons dilemma when commom environmental assets are depleted or degraded through the failure of states to cooperate effectively .
The headquarters of the UN Environmental Program are located in Nairobi, Kenya. true
In terms of energy efficiency, North America is rather inefficient, while Europe and Japan are the most efficient. true
Where population rises at the same rate as overall wealth, the average person is no better off over time. TRUE
Thailand was one of the first developing countries to develop an effective anti-AIDS program true
As an economy develops, population growth slows but the demand for resources continues to rise true
It is actually fairly inexpensive to reduce the emissions of gases—mainly carbon dioxide—that cause global warming. false
Functionalism describes integration via the growth of specialized technical organizations that cross national borders.
The Lisbon Treaty is the second major attempt at a European Constitution, after the first was voted down.
What is the current status of Turkey’s application for membership into the EU? The EU has begun formal entry negotiations with Turkey.
A "common market" means that in addition to being a customs union, member states allow labor and capital (as well as goods) to flow freely across borders
________ argues that economic integration generates a political dynamic that drives integration further. Neo-functionalism
When states run counter to the integrating tendencies of today's world, it is known as disintegration.
What 1957 treaty created the European Economic Community? Treaty of Rome
The digital divide describes the gap in access to information technologies that exists between the global North and the global South.
________ is the process of political integration following economic integration for practical purposes. Spillover
The situation where governments have a low expectation of violence between them is referred to as a security community.
The European Free Trade Association is an extended free-trade area.
The Maastricht Treaty included provisions in which of the following areas? all of these: monetary union, justice and home affairs, and political and military integration
The cultural dominance that represents an emerging global culture is known as cultural imperialism.
The Single European Act called for the creation of a common market in Europe by the end of 1992.
The institution that makes the major policy decisions of the EU is the Council of the European Union.
The institution that implements the policies of the EU is the European Commission
Which of the following are the "poor four" in the European Union? Ireland, Greece, Portugal, and Spain
In the 1980s, which of the following countries did NOT join the (then) European Community? Sweden
A unified set of tariffs with regard to imports occurs in a customs union.
Which of the following was one of the six original members of the European Coal and Steel Community? Italy
Which of the following has a wider impact than radio waves? satellite transmissions
Which body adjudicates disputes that arise under EU law? Court of Justice
In the order of progression of economic integration, a customs union precedes a common market. true
The Schuman Plan led to the establishment of the European Economic Community. false
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) is the only truly universal intergovernmental organization that exists in Europe. true
The criteria to join a single currency in the EU include a tax rate within 3 percent of the EU average false
The media with the strongest political impact are magazines and newspapers. false
A free-trade area is an economic arrangement among member states to lift all tariffs and restrictions on the movement of goods across member-state borders. true
The European Economic Community was established prior to the European Coal and Steel Community. false
The European Court of Justice differs from the World Court because the former can overrule national laws in certain circumstances, whereas the latter cannot true
By Western standards, the newest members of the EU are poor true
The integration of Europe began with the cooperation of Europe's two bitterest enemies. true
The Council of the European Union consists of 27 delegates elected from EU countries. false
The EU's environmental restrictions on car manufacturing have caused several Japanese manufacturers to alter their processes to comply true
Though poor relative to Western European states, Turkey is still wealthier than most Eastern European EU members. false
Greece falsified its economic data in order to meet the requirements for EU admission. true
A model project in Cambodia to allow small villages to sell scarves via the Internet would not have been economically viable without indirect government aid. true
The decolonization of former European Empires led in many cases to the beginning of a wave of disintegration of states. true
Which of the following is one of the world's most important currencies? the EU's euro
Hard currency is money that can be readily converted to leading world currencies.
The state in which an MNC has its headquarters is called the home country.
When governments intervene to manage otherwise free-floating exchange rates, it is known as managed float.
Between World War II and the 1970s, what type of exchange rates existed in the international economic system? fixed
Foreign investments in and by a country are referred to as capital flows.
________ policy is government decisions about spending and taxation. Fiscal
Currency speculators sold off the currency of ________ and other countries, which created the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Indonesia
A ________ is responsible for maintaining the value of a state's currency to the extent that it can by limiting the amount of money printed and avoiding inflation central bank
What is the name of the U.S. central bank? U.S. Federal Reserve
What institution coordinates international currency exchange, the balance of international payments, and national accounts? International Monetary Fund
When governments spend more than they take in to stimulate economic growth, it is called deficit spending.
A unilateral move to reduce the value of one's own currency by changing a fixed or official exchange rate is known as devaluation.
In 1997 and 1998, ________ requested tens of billions of dollars in loans from the IMF, but resisted the conditional structural adjustments required by the IMF Indonesia
The Russian economy has been helped in recent years by exporting oil
The most important MNCs are industrial corporations
Which of these statements about MNCs is FALSE? The power of MNCs rivals that of the largest states in the international system.
Foreign direct investment often invokes concern in poorer countries about a loss of sovereignty
In the 1990s, the U.S.-based Conoco oil company backed out of an oil development project in ________ under pressure from the U.S. government. Iran
As a result of the global banking crisis that began in 2008, the entire banking sector of which country was taken over by the government? Iceland
Hyperinflation refers to uncontrolled inflation of more than 50% per month.
Why are governments at a disadvantage in their interventions in international currency markets? Even acting together, they control only a small fraction of the money moving on such markets; most of it is privately owned.
If the Fed sets too low a discount rate, too much money will come into circulation and inflation will result.
A hard currency is backed only by gold or silver. false
The World Bank was established to aid in the reconstruction of post-World War II Europe. true
A host country is the recipient of MNC investment. true
Devaluation of a state's currency tends to increase imports into the state. false
International monetary relations immediately after World War II were based on fixed exchange rates. true
Government decisions about spending and taxation are referred to as monetary policy. false
Domestically, the Fed exercises its power mainly by setting exchange rates. false
The national debt of the United States has slowly decreased since the 1980s. false
In the short term, exchange rates depend on speculation about the future of currencies. true
Relatively stable exchange rates for international currency can be seen as a collective good true
If interest rates are higher in one state than in another, foreign capital tends to be attracted to the state with the lower rate. false
The Special Drawing Right is owned only by states, not by individuals or companies. true
Upon joining the IMF, a state decides how much in financial reserves it wishes to deposit, partly of hard currency and partly of the state’s own currency. false
All the economies of the Eastern European region experienced a deep depression (shrinking GDP) in the years following the end of the Cold War. true
Which of the following is an example of intellectual property? tradmarks
Which of the following is NOT a member of NAFTA? Honduras
Trade in services includes which of the following? insurance
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was replaced by the World Trade Organization.
________ emphasizes conflicting interests in economic exchanges Mercantilism
In a centrally planned economy, political authorities set prices
States protect domestic industry in order to protect an infant industry.
The most recent round of multinational trade negotiations began in Qatar
________ is the most prominent cartel in the international economy OPEC
There are just a few large suppliers of a product in a(n) oligopoly.
The U.S. government agency responsible for determining whether low-priced imports are unfair or have hurt U.S. industry is the International Trade Commission.
A new entry into an industry sector that is mature in other states and, therefore, is often protected by its government is a(n) infant industry
The study of firms and households in markets is microeconomics
Which of the following is an example of a non-tariff barrier? All these answers are correct.
China's experience with autarky deepened in the late 1960s when it broke with the Soviet Union.
Which of the following is NOT a member of OPEC? Liberia
What region of the world is making a transition from centrally planned economies to market economies? Russia and Eastern Europe
The economic theory that states differ in their abilities to produce certain goods because of differences in natural resources, labor force characteristics, technology, and other factors is called comparative advantage.
"Autarky" is self-reliance.
A tax imposed on an import is a tariff
The use of energy to drive machinery and the accumulation of such machinery along with the products created by it is industrialization.
The U.S. lost a WTO ruling to Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Pakistan, whose shrimp exports it had blocked over concerns over environmental fishing practices.
Economic liberals care whether a state's wealth is increasing in absolute terms.
The "bargaining space" is the difference between the lowest price a seller would accept and the highest price a buyer would pay.
Two-thirds of all international trade takes place between the industrialized West and the global South. false
The value of a state's imports relative to its exports is the balance of payments. false
One of the main obstacles in the Doha Round of multination trade negotiations was the resistance of the West to cutting agricultural subsidies. true
Environmental groups oppose free trade because they say it promotes environmentally harmful impacts. true
In a centrally planned economy, political authorities set prices and decide on quotas for production and consumption of each commodity according to a long-term plan. true
A monopoly is a ceiling on how many goods of a certain kind can be imported. false
`An industrial policy involves a state working actively with industries to promote its growth and tailor trade policy to meet its needs. true
Absolute advantage is when states specialize in producing the goods that they produce best and trade for goods that other states are better at producing false
In liberal economics, bilateral relations between states are less important than they are in security affairs. true
If regional free-trade areas such as those that now exist in Europe and North America gain strength and new ones arise, the WTO may be weakened true
The arms trade operates largely inside the framework of normal commercial transactions. false
Under WTO rules, a state may impose retaliatory tariffs in excess of the losses caused by another state's unfair trade practices. false
Amnesty International is an example of a(n) nongovernmental organization (NGO).
The executive branch of the UN is the Secretariat.
Which of the following is a source of international law? international custom
Peacekeeping forces are discussed in which part of the UN Charter? They are not discussed.
The UN secretary-general is head of which UN institution? Secretariat
Which UN institution controls the finances of the organization? General Assembly
The largest peacekeeping mission as of early 2007 was in Democratic Congo.
The acceptance of a state's official status and of its representatives is known as diplomatic recognition.
The 1948 UN General Assembly declaration, which delineates international norms regarding behavior by governments toward their own citizens and foreigners alike, is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
In the 1950s and 1960s, membership in the UN General Assembly more than doubled as a result of decolonization in Africa and Asia.
The ________ contributes to development in poor countries. UN Children's Fund
One of the newest areas of international law concerns human rights.
Enforcement of World Court decisions is carried out by no one.
Which of these is a regional IGO? ASEAN
Which of these statements about the UN is FALSE? Peacekeeping forces are under the control of the General Assembly.
Which of the following states is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council? Germany
Which of these UN-affiliated organizations conducts major immunization campaigns in poor countries? World Health Organization
The process of formally becoming a citizen in a new country is called naturalization.
International law distinguishes just wars, which are legal, from wars of aggression, which are illegal.
The Nuremberg tribunal treated the Nazi killings of civilians as a new category, crimes against humanity.
What makes the ICC different (and controversial), separating it from the World Court, is the idea that the court has the ability to prosecute individuals of any nation.
What did the General Assembly primarily concentrate on during the Cold War? the economic and social problems of poor countries
The IGOs that have been more successful are global in scope. false
According to the UN Charter, states are equal under international law. true
The current secretary-general of the UN is Ban Ki-moon. true
All UN members are represented in the Economic and Social Council. false
States have not agreed in a comprehensive way to obey the decisions of the World Court. true
An embassy is considered the territory of the host country. false
A just war can be waged to change another state's government, if it is violating human rights. false
Only states can be parties to cases before the World Court. true
UN peacekeeping forces are able to serve in a country even if the government does not want them there. false
The UN General Assembly's main power lies in its control of finances for UN programs and operations, including peacekeeping. true
Treaties and other international obligations such as debts are binding on successor governments no matter how the new government takes power. true
Under international law, diplomats forfeit their diplomatic immunity when they leave the embassy grounds false
The World Court (ICJ) hears cases involving both states and individuals false
The provision that soldiers must visually separate themselves from civilians is often violated in guerilla warfare. true
Even in irregular warfare, states usually issue a declaration of war, setting out whom they are warring against and the cause of their action. false
An isolationist streak has formed in the U.S. toward the UN because participation in the UN has always diluted U.S. power. false
The U.S. withheld its dues from the United Nations to show its displeasure with the lack of approved peacekeeping operations false
If Germany and Japan were to join the Security Council as permanent members, then the body of permanent members would be unfairly weighted towards Europe. true
Which of the following is NOT a type of weapon of mass destruction? conventiona
The International Atomic Energy Agency provides which of the following functions? inspection of the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent the diversion of materials to the military
Approximately how many people are injured by land mines every year? 25,000
Uranium-235 is fissionable material.
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles have a range of over 5,000 miles
Undeclared nuclear powers include Israel.
Which of the following is NOT among the countries that either have or will soon have military capabilities in space? Great Britain
The ability to combine long-distance logistical support with various power projection forces is known as global reach.
Which of these American presidents was the first to suggest the creation of a Ballistic Missile Defense system for the United States Ronald Reagan
The network of satellites designed to provide navigational information to military forces is the Global Positioning System.
The ________ is the United States'' largest military intelligence agency. NSA
Possession of second-strike capabilities by both sides in a conflict is known as mutually-assured destruction.
A kiloton is the equivalent of 1,000 tons of conventional explosive.
What 1996 treaty sought to halt all nuclear test explosions? Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty q
What nation withdrew from the IAEA in 1993 and then bargained with Western leaders to get economic assistance? North Korea
Which is a military capability? All of these are examples of military capabilities: conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction.
An effort by two or more states to regulate by formal agreement their acquisition of weapons is known as arms control.
As of 2007, which of these was not one of the five states accused by the United States of supporting international terrorism? Serbia
The use of former military facilities and industries for new civilian production is called what? economic conversion
Why were CIA covert activities sharply scaled back in the 1970s? Congressional hearings revealed scandals.
What was demonstrated by the fighting in Somalia at the end of 2006? the superiority of conventional armed forces over irregular forces
What is the primary multilateral vehicle through which industrialized states try to limit the flow of missile-relevant technology to states in the global South? the Missile Technology Control Regime
The 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention includes provisions for sanctions against violators, including nonparticipants in the treaty.
Satellites provide surveillance and mapping capabilities for governments. true
The Non-Proliferation Treaty attempts to prevent the spread of chemical weapons. false
Cruise missiles can be launched from ships, submarines, airplanes, or land. true
Tactical nuclear weapons were intended for long-range use on ICBMs. false
Second-strike capability is the ability to strike back after "surviving" an initial nuclear attack. true
The strategy of disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control or even hacking into bank accounts electronically is known as "Internet offensive." falswe
A megaton is 1,000 kilotons. true
Ballistic missile trajectories rise out of the atmosphere before descending. true
Covert operations conducted by the CIA must report to a special congressional oversight committee. true
Military governments are most common in poor areas where the military may be the only large modern institution in the country. true
Israel, India, and Pakistan are the three most recent signatories of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. false
Libya gave up the nuclear weapons program that Pakistan helped it start. true
The U.S. Senate voted to ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in 1999, but the incoming Bush Administration prevented the ratification. false
World military spending is about 2 percent of the total goods and services in the world economy, and nearly half of that is spent by the U.S. alone. true
A "revolution in military affairs" refers to a period in which guerilla and insurgency forces gain the upper hand over conventional armies. false
In which of the following areas is there currently a border dispute? Kashmir
Conflict related to members of an ethnic group living as a minority in a neighboring state is occurring in Russia and Moldova.
Which of the following is a cause of war at the domestic level of analysis? type of economic system
________ can cause conflict because of a clash of ideas. Ethnicity
The breakup of which of the following states was NOT peaceful? Yugoslavia
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union invaded which of the following countries in order to change its government? Czechoslovakia
The al Qaeda terrorist network used Taliban-controlled territory in what country as a global base until U.S. military intervention drove the Taliban from power in 2001? Afghanistan
War between factions within a state trying to create or prevent a new government for the entire state, or some part of it, is what type of war? civil
Efforts to combat a guerilla army are known as counterinsurgency.
In 2007 the world's major source of opium was Afghanistan.
An in-group bias in which there is a tendency to see one's own group favorably and those outside the group negatively is known as ethnocentrism.
A situation in which individuals organize their lives and communities around religious beliefs, which are held as absolute truth, and are willing to sacrifice or even die for those beliefs is fundamentalism.
Which islands in the South China Sea are the source of conflict between several countries? Spratly Islands
International conflicts that concern tangible "goods" have special importance in the area of territory.
The difference in preferred outcomes in a bargaining situation is defined as conflict.
In the post-Cold War era, most revolutionary movements are Islamist
The systematic destruction of ethnic or religious groups in whole or in part is genocide.
In 1979, what Muslim country overthrew its U.S.-backed leader in favor of an Islamic government? Iran
The goal of regaining territory lost to another state is called irredentism
The area adjacent to the coastline of a state that is considered part of its national territory is known as territorial waters.
Iran's Revolutionary Guards, the Mahdi Army in southern Iraq, and Hezbollah in southern Lebanon are all Islamist groups associated with what branch of Islam? Shi'ite
The predominantly Sunni Muslim republic of Chechnya attempted to split away from Russia but ultimately failed after two destructive Russian military campaigns
In 2004-2005 in Ukraine, a Russian-backed incumbent leader won an unfair election, but lost to a Western-supported challenger in the court-ordered new election
How would a Marxist characterize WWI? a fight over the imperialists' division of the world
Limited war, such as the U.S.-led war in Iraq in 1991, refers to military actions carried out to gain some objective short of the surrender and occupation of the enemy.
Territorial waters extend 15 miles from a state's coastline. false
A state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) extends 200 miles from a state's coastline. true
States can exclude others from entering their orbital space. false
An international norm has developed against attempting to alter borders by force. true
Conflicts of interests include conflicts over territory and control of governments true
Economic conflict usually results in violent conflict. false
In the short term, revolutions do change international relations, but not because of ideology. true
Lateral pressure is the theory that economic growth of states leads to geographic expansion as they seek natural resources beyond their borders. true
The type of government of a state is a possible cause of war at the domestic level of analysis. true
Secessionism is the regaining of territory lost to another state. false
On the individual level of analysis, theories of war center on rationality. true
Self-determination gives groups the right to change international borders, even those imposed arbitrarily by colonialism false
In World War I, nationalism proved a greater force than socialism. true
When ethnocentrism fails as a strong force in a state, dehumanization between different groups can take root. false
Sudan approved the involvement of UN peacekeepers for their domestic conflict, but deliberately threw up roadblocks to that intervention. true
Despite their strong influence, Islamist parties have yet to gain parliamentary majorities in any Middle Eastern state. false
As technology has developed, the subsequent reduction in the inherent value of territory has diminished the value states place on home territory. false
Which type of feminist believes men and women are equal? liberal
Which type of feminist finds important differences between men and women that are arbitrary and flexible? postmodern
On which level of analysis do peace studies NOT focus? interstate
Female state leaders in the twentieth century have not been significantly different from male leaders in making peace or war.
In arbitration, decisions are binding.
Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. are examples of leaders dedicated to nonviolence.
The strand of feminist IR scholarship that valorizes the feminine by focusing on the unique contributions of women is ________ feminism difference
concept that conceives of peace as something more than the absence of war is positive peace.
________ refers to such phenomena as poverty and hunger as a form of violence. Structural violence
Today, Marxism is most influential in what region of the world? the global South
Recently, what crime has been increasingly viewed as a war crime? rape
A bargaining strategy that combines separate issues into one negotiation is referred to as linkage.
The pacifist wing of the U.S. peace movement since WWI has distrusted international organizations whose members are state governments.
Postmodern feminists find sex and gender throughout the subtext of realism
While constructivists might emphasize a powerful logic of appropriateness in state decision-making, realists emphasize a logic of consequences.
Postmodernism calls into question the very notion of states as unitary actors.
Difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the principle of separate, independent actors. Your Answer: True true
Israel and the United States exclude women from combat roles. false
Postmodern feminists focus on traditional feminine virtues false
Proponents of positive peace call for the development of a global identity. true
Some constructivists have argued that countries in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have adopted policies in response to international norms true
Lenin's theory of imperialism argued that European nations invested more in themselves than in their colonies. false
A strictly technical mediator mantains a neutral role in facilitating communication. true
Militarism is the philosophy that abhors war but advocates strong military preparation for defense of the state. false
Proponents of nonviolence emphasize the moral aspects of nonviolence at the expense of the practical aspects. False
Switzerland values its role as a state aligned with Western European political and moral positions on the world stage. q false
Which of the following is a characteristic of a state on which comparative foreign policy focuses? wealth
In the rational model of decision making ordering goals by importance precedes listing alternatives to achieve goals.
Systematic distortions of rational calculations based on the limitations of the human brain in making choices are known as cognitive biases
The minority of the population that stays informed about international issues is referred to as the attentive public.
An overestimate of the probability of a desired outcome is called wishful thinking.
The tendency for groups to validate wrong decisions, convincing each other that a wrong idea is right, is known as groupthink.
Which of these is part of prospect theory? The editing phase, evaluation phase, and reference point are all part of prospect theory.
When some kinds of information are screened out and not considered by decision makers, this is referred to as selective perception.
Propaganda is the public promotion of a government's official line.
Which government agency was primarily responsible for the Iran-Contra scandal? the National Security Council
The process of finding a "good enough" solution to a problem, which meets some minimal criteria, is called satisficing.
The generalization defined as "democratic peace" means that democracies almost never fight each other.
Which of these is one of the models used for analyzing foreign policy decision making? government bargaining
Which of these is an example of "groupthink"? the U.S. war in Iraq (2003- ), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), and the Iran-Contra scandal (1986) are all examples of "groupthink."
Governments sometimes adopt foreign policies for the specific purpose of generating public approval and gaining domestic legitimacy. This is known as the "rally 'round the flag" syndrome.
The "War Powers Act" was enacted during the close of the Vietnam War
In which of the following conflicts was collective security successful? the Persian Gulf War
A set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area is an international regime.
Some IR scholars argue that regimes are most effective when power in the international system is most concentrated. This is called hegemony.
The concept that the security of all states is interdependent is collective security.
Which of these theorists would be associated with liberal institutionalism Kant
In order for a collective security regime to be successful, the members must agree on what constitutes aggression.
The nation of ________, the last white-ruled African country, adopted majority rule in 1994. South Africa
The rational model of decision making relies on standard operating procedures. false
Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of their actions. true
A crisis is a foreign policy situation characterized by severe time constraints and decision makers under stress. true
Diplomats are always career civil servants, not political appointees. false
Among the interest groups that lobby governments on foreign policy issues are other governments. true
The circular rotation between appointments in government and in industry is known as the “revolving door true
Information screens are subconscious filters through which people process information coming in about the world around them. true
In democracies, the public generally has less effect on foreign than on domestic policy. true
Interest groups have goals and interests that may or may not coincide with the national interest as a whole. true
In general, bureaucracies promote policies under which other government agencies' capabilities will be enhanced. false
Neoliberals agree with realists that states are unitary actors. True
International regimes exist in international security but not in international political economy. false
The United Nations is the first attempt at creating a collective security system. false
Democracies fight wars against other democracies as frequently as they fight wars against authoritarian states. false
The best single indicator of a state's power may be its total GDP.
Great Powers include France.
Middle Powers include Iran.
All of the following are members of NATO EXCEPT Ukraine.
Which of the following was among the first Soviet-bloc countries to join NATO in 1999? the Czech Republic
In Asia, China has long been loosely aligned with Pakistan in opposition to India.
According to realists states act like rational individuals in pursuing national interests.
The fact that there is no world government to enforce rules against states is described as anarchy.
A coalition of states that coordinate their actions to accomplish some goal is a(n) alliance.
Which of these authors or theorists would NOT be considered a realist? Woodrow Wilson
The seventeenth century realist who described "the state of nature" or "state of war" that stands in contrast to the rule of law was Hobbes.
________ is the ability to convert one element of power into another. Fungible capability
________ refers to the number of independent power centers that exist in the international system. Polarity
The most important traditional norm of behavior in the internal system is sovereignty.
A game in which it is possible for both players to win or lose is a(n) non-zero-sum game
Which of these is generally the most fungible of capabilities? money
Which two states led the non-aligned movement during the Cold War, standing apart from the United States-Soviet rivalry? India and Yugoslavia
In 2004, troops from African Union countries intervened to stop reported acts of genocide in what region? Darfur
Which of these considers Taiwan to be part of China? All of these: China, the United Nations, and the United States.
The U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty was created during the Korean War.
The Arab-Israeli conflict created a general anti-Israel alignment of the Arab countries for decades, but that alignment broke down when what two countries made peace with Israel? Egypt and Jordan
A strategy of compellence involves the use of force to make another actor take some action.
What types of states generally face, militarily, a "two-front problem"? centrally located, landlocked states
The best single indicator of a state's power may be the size of its military forces. false
A zero-sum game is a game where one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss. true
Hegemony exists in a unipolar system. true
A hegemon is a state that holds a preponderance of power in the international system. true
Armenia, Belarus, and Estonia are part of the Commonwealth of Independent States. false
Multilateralists prefer to work through international institutions to achieve foreign policy goals. true
The Congress of Vienna (1815) in part reasserted the principles of state sovereignty. TRUE
Of all the elements of power, none can change as quickly or decisively as alliances. TRUE
Military power is a capability that allows actors to exercise influence in the short term. true
The modern international system is often dated from the Congress of Vienna (1815), which established the principle of independent, sovereign states that continues to shape the international system today. false
NATO was founded in 1949 to deter Soviet expansion in Europe. true
An arms race is defined as a reciprocal process in which two (or more) states build up military forces in response to each other. true
An arms race is a good example of a Prisoner’s Dilemma-type situation. true
Which of the following is NOT part of the Pacific Rim? India
Which of the following countries is in Asia? Vietnam
Which of these core principles provides incentives for mutual cooperation reciprocity
Which level of analysis considers the relative power of states and the interactions of the states themselves? interstate
Which of these was NOT a characteristic of World War I? quick, decisive victory
One power that became newly expansionist in the 1930s was Japan. The foreign policy adopted by the United States in the early years of the Cold War to stop the expansion of the Soviet Union was known as
The foreign policy adopted by the United States in the early years of the Cold War to stop the expansion of the Soviet Union was known as containment.
During World War II, the Soviet Union was invaded by Germany.
Which country occupied Germany after World War II? All these answers are correct.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an intergovernmental organization (IGO)? Amnesty International
Which of the following is an example of a nongovernmental organization (NGO)? Red Cross
The Cuban Missile Crisis and the building of the Berlin Wall were crises during the Cold War.
The term "banana republic" refers to the relationship between poorer states and MNCs.
The state of Ohio is entirely a U.S. entity but operates an International Trade Division to promote exports and foreign investments, with offices in many different countries. In this case, Ohio is a example of a(n) substate actor.
The Berlin Wall separated West Berlin from East Berlin.
NATO's first-ever military engagement occurred in 1995 in Bosnia.
Which of these core principles demonizes an out-group? identity
Which level of analysis considers aggregations of individuals within states that influence state actions in the international arena? domestic
In 2006, the nation of Israel fought a brief but intense war with Hezbollah.
In late 2001, U.S. forces ousted what regime from power in Afghanistan? the Taliban
The only great power in the global South is China.
Since the end of the Cold War, the rate of warfare has diminished in all but which of the following regions? The rate of warfare has decreased worldwide.
Why did the United States choose not to intervene in the Rwandan genocide in 1994? A previous humanitarian operation in Somalia had gone very poorly
Which of the following is likely true of the Cold War power relationship? Both the Soviet Union and the U.S. overestimated Soviet strength.
What is the most important geographic element at the global level of analysis? the North-South gap
Which of the following is a way that "transformationalists" would see globalization? State sovereignty is being eroded by the UN, WTO, and other new institutions.
Zimbabwe is a country in Africa. true
Belize is a country in Asia. false
Democracy is a component of a state. false
The global level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes. false
Skeptics of globalization see it as widening the North-South gap. true
Within the global North, Russia and the CIS lag behind in income levels. true
The Non-Proliferation Treaty requires that the existing nuclear powers disarm in exchange for other countries' agreeing to stay non-nuclear. true
The League of Nations is the forerunner of the United Nations and the brainchild of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. false
The shooting down of a U.S. spy plane (the U-2) over the Soviet Union in 1960 caused the launching of the Bay of Pigs invasion. false
The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Union's counterpart in opposition to the power of NATO. true
Traditionally, questions of war and peace in international relations have been examined by the subfield of international security. true
In an apparent period of U.S. weakness, the nation of Iran invaded Afghanistan in 1979. false
Independence was thrust on the former Soviet republics as the Soviet Union weakened before they could declare their own independence. true
Substate actors exist within one country but cannot influence that country's foreign policy or operate internationally. false
In international relations, dominance forms the basis of most of the norms (habits; expectations) and institutions in the international system. false
At the interstate level, the 2003 U.S.-led war against Iraq might be attributed to the predominance of U.S. power true
Created by: cyncyn1004
 

 



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