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Chabner, Chapter 5
Language of Medicine, Chapter 5, Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amino acids | building blocks of protein |
| amylase | enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch |
| bile | digestive juice made in liver, stored in gallbladder |
| bilirubin | pigment released by liver |
| bowel | intestine |
| cecum | the first part of the large intestine |
| colon | large intestine (all parts) |
| common bile duct | carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum |
| defecation | expulsion or passage of feces |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| dentin | major tissue composing teeth |
| digestion | breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms |
| duodenum | first part of the small intestine |
| emulsification | physical process of breaking down large fat globules |
| enamel | hard, outmost layer of teeth |
| enzyme | a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances |
| esophagus | tube connecting the throat to the stomach |
| gallbladder | small sac under live, produces bile |
| glucose | sugar |
| glycogen | starch |
| ileum | third part of small intestine |
| insulin | hormone produced in pancreas |
| jejunum | second part of the small intestine |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme neccessary to digest fats |
| mastication | chewing |
| palate | roof of mouth |
| papillae | small elevations on the tongue |
| paratoid gland | salivary gland within the cheek |
| peristalsis | rythmic contractions in GI tract to move bolus downwards |
| digestive system (functions) | digestion, absorption, elimination |
| protease | enzymes that digest protein |
| pulp | softs tissue within a tooth containing nerves and blood cells |
| pyloric sphincter | ring of muscle between the stomach and the duodenum |
| rugae | ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach |
| saliva | digestive juice produced by salivary glands |
| sigmoid colon | the last section of the large intestine |
| sphincter | ring of muscle fibers that constrict a passage or closes an opening |
| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the soft palate into the mouth |
| villi | microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| celi/o | abdomen |
| cheil/o, labi/o | lip |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
| faci/o | face |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum (small intestine) |
| lapar/o | abdomen |
| mandibul/o | lower jaw |
| odont/o | tooth |
| or/o | mouth |
| palat/o | palate |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| phylor/o | pyloric sphincter |
| sialaden/o | salivary gland |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| amyl/o | starch |
| bil/i | gall, bile |
| chol/e | gall, bile |
| chlorhydro/o | hydrochloric acid |
| gluc/o | sugar |
| glyc/o | sugar (stored form=starch) |
| lip/o | fat |
| lith/o | stone (eg gallstones) |
| prote/o | protein |
| steat/o | fat |
| anorexia | lack of appetite |
| ascites | ab. accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| eructation | burping |
| flatus | farting |
| hematochezia | passage of bright red blood from rectum |
| jaundice | yellow tinged skin (high levels of bilirubin) |
| melena | black tarry stools |
| steatorrhea | fat in feces |
| dental caries | tooth decay |
Created by:
Ashleeboden