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BIO 100--Quiz 10

QuestionAnswer
According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway? 2
If A, B, and C are all essential for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on which of the following media? minimal medium supplemented with nutrient "B" only
Using RNA as a template for protein synthesis instead of translating proteins directly from the DNA is advantageous for the cell because... RNA can be modified and destroyed without affecting the genetic material.
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon in the mRNA transcribed is... 3' UCA 5'.
The following questions refers to this figure, a table of codons. A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be 3' AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA 5'.
Use the following table of codons to asnwer this question. What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3 met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume all of the following EXCEPT... viruses do not contain a genetic code.
T or F a gene from one organism could theoretically be expressed by any other organism. T
T or F all organisms have a common ancestor. T
T or F viruses do not contain a genetic code. F
T or F the same codons in different organisms usually translate into the same amino acids. T
T or F different organisms use the same types of amino acids to make polypeptides. T
In which of the following is RNA polymerase different from DNA polymerase? RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis, but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.
Which of the following statements BEST describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes? RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to fall off the DNA and release the transcript.
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA? 3' → 5' along the template strand
Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? several transcription factors (TFs)
A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which might this illustrate? Any mutation in the sequence is selected against
Which of the following help(s) to stabilize eukaryotic mRNA by inhibiting its degradation? 5'-cap and 3'-poly (A) tail
What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called? exons
A transcription unit that is 8,000 nucleotides long may use 1,200 nucleotides to make a protein consisting of approximately 400 amino acids. This is best explained by the fact that many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA.
many noncoding stretches of nucleotides are present in mRNA. their presence allows exons to be shuffled
Alternative RNA splicing... can allow the production of different proteins from a single mRNA.
In the structural organization of many eukaryotic genes, individual exons may be related to which of the following? the various domains of the polypeptide product
A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of mRNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds this particular mRNA codon is _____ . UUU
What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule? hydrogen bonding between base pairs
This figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid? (5' to 3') (see figure 2 in notes) UUC
The tRNA shown in this figure has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end? (see figure 2 in notes) The amino acid binds covalently.
A mutant bacterial cell has a defective aminoacyl synthetase that attaches a lysine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA instead of a phenylalanine. The consequence of this for the cell will be that... proteins in the cell will include lysine instead of phenylalanine at amino acid positions specified by the codon UUU.
As a ribosome translocates along an mRNA molecule by one codon, which of the following occurs? The tRNA that was in the A site moves into the P site
What are polyribosomes? groups of ribosomes reading a single mRNA simultaneously
Which of the following is a function of a signal peptide? to translocate polypeptides across the ER membrane
When translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by... a signal-recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane.
When does translation begin in prokaryotic cells? as soon as transcription has begun
When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, no corresponding tRNA enters the A site. If the translation reaction were to be experimentally stopped at this point, which of the following would you be able to isolate? an assembled ribosome with a polypeptide attached to the tRNA in the P site
Why might a point mutation in DNA make a difference in the level of a protein's activity? It might substitute an amino acid in the active site.
Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product? a deletion of 2 nucleotides
What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene? It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
Each of the following options is a modification of the sentence: THECATATETHERAT. Which of the following is analogous to a frameshift mutation? THECATATTHERAT
Sickle-cell disease is probably the result of which kind of mutation? point
Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene? a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or polypeptide
 

 



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