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Chemistry Chapter 25
Chemistry Chapter 25 Notes/Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleons | atomic nucleus made of protons and neutrons collectively |
| nuclides | what an atom is called in nuclear chemistry |
| two ways of writing nuclides | symbol: mass number/atomic number SYMBOL element name-mass number |
| mass defect | the difference between the mass of the atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| nuclear binding energy | energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons (E=MC2) |
| binding energy per neucleon | binding energy is divided by the number of nucleons it contains |
| band of stability | neutrons-protons-dots the chart that shows until a nuclide is stable |
| nuclear shell model | nucleons exist in different energy levels or shells in the nucleus |
| magic numbers | numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels 2,8,20,28,50,82,126 |
| nuclear reactions | reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom |
| transmutation | a change in the identity of a nucleus as a result of a change in the number of its protons |
| radioactive decay | spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus (emits particles and/or radiation) |
| nuclear radiation | particles or radiation emitted from the nucleus during decay |
| radioactive nuclide | unstable nucleus that undergoes radioactive decay |
| alpha decay | HE, 2 protons, 2 neutrons emitted from the nucleus during decay |
| beta decay | electron, electron emitted from nucleus during decay |
| electron capture | must happen before beta emission, inner orbital electron |
| positron | beta is emitted from the nucleus during decay positive electron |
| gamma | waves emitted from the nucleus as ig goes from ground to excited 0 mass 0 charge = dangerous |
| half life | time required for 1/2 atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay amount remaining = original X 1/2 N |
| decay series | series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached |
| parent and daughter nuclide | parent: the heaviest nuclide of each decay series daughter: nuclides produced by the decay of the parent |
| artificial transmutations | atoms with protons bombardment of stable nuclei with charged and uncharged particles |
| when does the decay series end | when a stable nuclei has been produced |
| transuranium elements | elements with more than 92 protons in their nuclei |
| radioactive dating | process by which the approximate age of an object is determined based on the amount of certain radioactive nuclides present |
| fission | very heavy nucleus splits into more stable nuclei |
| fusion | light mass nuclei combine to form more stable nucleus |
| gieger counter | gass filled metal tube- radiation detector |
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