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US Hist Ch 8 terms
Settling The West
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the first explorers of the Great Plains gave the area | Great American Desert |
| This group of Native Americans fought hard to keep control of their hunting grouns, which extended from the Black Hills westward to the Bighorn Mountains. | Lakota |
| A serious toll was taken on Native Americans from advancing American settlers. What are three primary factors that caused hardship for Native Americans? | loss of hunting grounds, forced movement, and broken treaties |
| Roaming vast distances, the Sioux and the Dakota were | nomads |
| Proposed creating two large reservations on the Plains in 1867, one for the Sioux and another for the southern Plains Indians. | Indian Peace Commission |
| Defying the orders of the government agent at the reservation, the Lakota continued to perform a ritual that was important to them called the | Ghost Dance |
| What are three main hardships that early settlers on the Great Plains faced? | scorching summers, prairie fires, swarms of grasshoppers |
| Fencing of the open range resulted primarily in three things, what are they? | end to long cattle drives; transition of cowboys to ranch hands; replacement of longhorns with new European breeds |
| The Comstock strike turned the town of ____, Nevada into a boomtown. | Virginia City |
| the "rising room" in a Nevada boomtown hotel was the West's first | elevator |
| In boomtowns, where law enforcement was scarce, self-appointed volunteers sometimes formed ___ committees to track down and punish wrongdoers. | vigilance |
| A breed of cattle descended from Spanish cattle that had been brought to Mexico two centuries earlier. | Texas Longhorn |
| Ranchers used ___ to distinguish their cattle from those in the herd owned by other ranchers. | brands |
| A ___ was a tract of public land available for settlement. | homestead |
| the people who settled in the Great Plains and plowed the soil there were called | sodbusters |
| Large wheat farms were called ____ farms because they often brought their owners big profits. | bonanza |
| For centuries, the ___ was the main source of food for most Native American nations on the Great Plains. | buffalo |
| A Native American ritual that celebrated a hoped-for day of reckoning. | Ghost Dance |
| Railroads brought lumber and brick to replace sod as a building material and ___ as fuel. | coal |
| For centuries the Great Plains had been home to vast herds of ___ that grazed on the prairie grasses and provided food, clothing, and shelter to Native American groups. | buffalo |
| Two problems hurt the farmers in the late 1880s and 1890s, what were they? | A glut of wheat on the world market caused prices to drop and the weather cycle changed, beginning a prolonged drought |
| to flood the market with a supply of goods so that supply exceeds demand | glut |
| More than a few ___, as those who plowed the soil on the Prairie were called, eventually lost their homesteads through the combined effects of drought, wind erosion, and overuse of the land. | sodbusters |
| Wheat became as important to the Great Plains as __ was to the South. | cotton |
| Lakota Sioux chief killed at Wounded Knee | Sitting Bull |
| Lakota Sioux religious leader and war chief who lured an army detachment into an ambush in Wyoming | Crazy Horse |
| commander who battled the Lakota Sioux at Little Bighorn | George Armstrong Custer |
| chief who led the Dakota Sioux uprising in Minnesota | Little Crow |
| leader of the Cheyenne who were massacred at Sand Creek in Colorado and later at the Washita River in Oklahoma | Black Kettle |
| leader of an army detachment wiped out by the Lakota Sioux in Wyoming | William Fetterman |
| commander who attacked the Cheyenne at Sand Creek | John Chivington |
| Nez Perce chief who surrendered after losing much of his band in a series of battles | Chief Joseph |
| occurred when farmers blocked cattle trails | range wars |
| boomtown near the Comstock Lode | Virginia City |
| supply point for mining areas in the Rocky Mountains | Denver |
| closed with the rapid settlement of the West | frontier |
| prospector who staked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Nevada | Henry Comstock |
| destination for those using the Chisholm Trail | Abilene |
| self-appointed law enforcers | vigilance committees |
| destination for the first cattle drive | Sedalia |
| writer who sparked discussion of better treatment for Native Americans | Helen Hunt Jackson |
| cattle that roamed wild on the grasslands of Texas | longhorn |
| invention that helped end the cowboy lifestyle | barbed wire |
| journey across the Plains to bring cattle to railroad shipping centers | long drive |
| the major route north to Abilene, Kansas | Chisholm Trail |
| mining that dug deep beneath the surface | quartz mining |
| self-appointed volunteers to track down and punish wrongdoers | vigilance committees |
| vast areas of grassland owned by the federal government | open range |
| process of extracting shallow deposits of ore largely by hand | placer mining |
| a tract of public land available for settlement | homestead |
| aften brought their owners big profits | bonanza farms |
| productive farm area that began at the eastern edge of the Great Plains | Wheat Belt |
| explored the Great Plains in 1819 | Stephen Long |
| planting seeds deep in the ground where there was enough moisture for them to grow | dry farming |
| leader of the Nez Perce people | Chief Joseph |
| site of a murderous battle between U.S. soldiers and Lakota men, women, and children | Wounded Knee Creek |
| to be absorbed | assimilate |
| main source of food for many Native Americans | buffalo |
| payments to reservation dwellers | annuities |
Created by:
Miss Brown