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Heart & Desease
Chapter 13 Heart & Disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| System that supplies are cells transportation is the? | Circulatory System |
| Blunt point at the edge of the lower heart that lies on the diaphram | Apex |
| Divides the Heart into Right and Left sides between the Atria | Interatrial Septum |
| Upper Chambers of the heart | Right and Left Atria they are receiving chambers |
| Lower Chambers of the Heart | Right and Left Ventricles they are discharging chambers |
| Cardiac Muscle tissue is referred to as | Myocardium |
| The inner lining of the Myocardium | Endocardium |
| Inflammatin of the Endocardium | Edocarditis-imflammed Endocardium can become rough & abrassive causing Thrombus |
| The two Antrioventrricular Valves (AV Valve) | Tricuspid Valve-Located at the opening of the Right Atrium into the Ventricle. Bicuspid Mitral Valve Located at the opening of the Left Atrium into the ventricle |
| The Two Semilunar Valves (SL Valves) | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve Located at the beginning of the Pulmonary Artery. Aortic Semilunar Valve Located at the beginning of the Aorta |
| Pericardium | Two layered fibrous sac with a lubricated space between the two layers |
| Inner layer of the Pericardium | Vesceral Pericardium or Epicardium |
| Outer layer of the Pericardium | Parietal Pericardium |
| Inflammation of the Pericardium | Paricarditis |
| Cardiac Tamponade | Compression of the heart that is caused by fluid between the Vesceral Pericardium and the Parietal Pericardium |
| They are located between the two Ventricle chambers and the larger arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs | Semilunar Valves - Pulmonary Semilunar and the Aortic Semilunar Valve |
| A condition caused when the flaps of this valve extends back into left atrium causing the valve to leak | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
| Cardiac Damage Resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to Strepococcal Infection and occurs mostly in children | Rheumatic Heart Disease |
| Movement of blood from the left Ventricle through the Body | Systemic Circulation |
| Blood Clot | Embolism |
| Myocardiac Infarction is a | Heart Attack |
| Abnormal Heart sound often caused by disorders of the valves | Heart Murmur |
| Movement of blood From the Right Ventricle to the Lungs | Pulmonary Circulation |
| Hardening of the Arteries is called | Atherosclerosis |
| Severe chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to the Heart | Angina Pectoris |
| High Blood Pressure is also called | Hypertension |
| Structure through which blood returns to the left atrium | Pulmonary Veins |
| Treatment for certain Coronary Disorders | Coronary Bypass |
| The heart beats an average of | 72 beats/min |
| Each complete beat of the Heart is called | A Cardiac Cycle |
| The pacemaker of the Heart is also called the | Sa node + Sinoatrial Node |
| Rapid Heart Rhythm over 100 beats/min | Tachycardia |
| The term that describes the electrical activity that triggers contraction of the Heart Muscle | Depolarization |
| A diagnostic tool that uses ultrasound to detect valve and heart disorders is known as a | Echocardiogram |
| Frequent premature contractions can lead to | Fibrillation |
| A drug that slows and increases the strength of the cardiac contraction is | Digitalis |
| Congestive Heart Failure enevitable causes | Pulmonary Edema |
| Failure of the right side of the heart due to blockage of pulmonary blood flow is called | Cor Pulmodale |
| Coumadin and Dicumarol are examples of commonly used Oral | Anticoagulants |
| upper Nodes | Sa Node: Sinoatrial Node located in the wall of the Right Atrium near the opening of the Superior Vena Cava. Av Node: Atrioventricular Node located in the wall of the Right Atrium in the interatrial Septum |
| Lower Nodes | Av Bundle or Bundle of His located in the Septum of the ventricle. Purkenje Fibers located in the walls of the ventricles |
| Location, Size & Postion of the Heart | Triangular Organ located in the mediastinum 2/3 of the mass to the left of the body midline and 1/3 to the right, the apex is in the diaphram and is the size of a closed fist. |
| Heart Chambers | Two upper - R & L Atrium - Receiving Chambers Two Lower - R & L Ventricle - Discharging Chambers. |
| Walls of each chamber is composed of | Cardiac Muscle called Myocardium Endocardium is the smooth lining of the chamber |
| What do the Heart Valves do? | Valves keep the blood flowing through the heart and prevent backflow |
| Two distinct sounds of the Heart | Lub- first sound caused by the vibration and closure of the AV valve during he contraction of the ventricle. Dup -Second Sound is caused by the Closure of the SL Valves during relaxation of the Ventricles |
| Heart Murmur | Abnormal Heart sounds caused by abnormal valves |
| The Superior Vena Cava carries blood to the | Right Atrium |
| The outside covering that surrounds and protects the heart is called the | Pericardium |
| Thin walled upper heart cavities that recieve blood from the veins is called | Atria |
| A valve that permits blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arter is called the | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
| Ventricular contraction of the heart occurs immediately after depolarization of the | Purkinje Fibers |
| A variation in Heart rate during the breathing cycle is called | Sinus Dysrhythmia |
| BradyCardia | Slow Heart Rhythm lower than 60 beats/min |
| TachyCardia | Rapid Heart Rhythm more then 100 beats/min |
| Sinus Dysrhythmia | Variation in Heart Rhythem during the breathing cycle |
| Premature Contraction or Extrasystole | Contraction that occurs sooner than expected in a normal rhythm |
| Fibrillation | Condion in which cardiac muscle fibers are out of step. Producing no effective pumping action |
| Heart Failure | Inability to pump enought returned blood to sustain life. It can be caused by many different Heart Diseases |
| Right Heart Failure | Failure of the Right side of the Heart to pump blood effectively usually caused b the left side of the heart to pump blood effectively |
| Left Heart Failure | Failure of the left side of the Heart to pump blood effectively.Resulting in congestion of the Systemic & Pulmonary Circulation |
| Heart Beat | Regular Rhythm each complete beat is called a Cardiac Cycle. Average beats is 72 beats/min. Cycle is 0.8 second long subdivided into Systole & Diastole |
| Stroke Volune | The volume of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat |
| Cardiac Output | The amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute |
| Valve Disorder Called Incompetent Valve | Leaky- allowing some of the blood to flowback into the chamber from which it came |
| Valve Disorder called Stenosed Valve | Narrower than normal, reducing blood flow |
| Valve Disorder called Rheumatic Heart Disease | Cardiac Damage caused by delayed inflammatory response to Streptococcal Infection |
| Valve disorder called Mitral Valve Prolapse | Incomptence of the Mitral valve caused by it edges extending into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts |
| The ECG 3 deflection or waves is called | P Wave, QRS Complex, & the T Wave |
| P Wave | Associated with the depolarization (contraction) of the Atria |
| QRS Complex | Associated with the depolarization (contraction) of the Ventricle |
| T Wave | Associated with repolarization (relaxtion) of the ventricle |
Created by:
RaineMoore