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Chapter Three
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | the smallest component of an element |
| Plum-pudding Model | The plum pudding model of the atom was proposed by J. J. Thomson |
| Gold-Foil Experiment | Performed by Rutherford. Discovered that the Atom is mostly made of empty space and is positively charged |
| Orbitals | Where Electrons are located |
| Nucleus | Cotains the atoms Protons (+) and neutrons, mostly empty space. |
| Proton | is one amu, positively charged |
| Electron | Is Negatively charged, has a very small mass. |
| Mass Number | The sum of the number of Protons and nuetrons of an atoms nucleus |
| Atomic Number | representing the relative position of an element in the periodic table, is equal to the number of protons and electrons in the atom |
| Ion | a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electrons |
| Isotope | one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons |
| Atomic Mass | the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units |
| Valence Electrons | In chemistry, valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom, |
| Octet | when an orbital has 8 electrons in it, it is called dan octet |
| Excited State | Excitation is an elevation in energy level above an arbitrary baseline energy state |
| Ionization Energy | The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a given kind of atom |
| Electron Affinity | The Electron affinity of a molecule or atom is the energy change when an electron is added to the neutral species to form a negative ion. |
| Electronegativity | the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond |