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Red Blood Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The main function of red blood cells: | Transporting respiratory gasses (O2 and CO2) |
| _____ _______ _______ have a low-stress, biconcave disk shape. | Red blood cells |
| This shape provides the greatest surface ares to volume ratio so plenty of O2 can diffuse through the red blood cell: | biconcave disk |
| Red blood cells are _____________, meaning they have no nucleus. | anucleated |
| Why are capillaries so small in diameter? | To slow the flow of blood, forcing the RBC's to move in a single-file line...which increases gas exchange. |
| Red blood cells are like "bags of _________" | hemoglobin |
| A red pigment that binds oxygen: | hemoglobin |
| __________ is made up of 4 polypeptide chains with an iron-containing hemegroup in the center. | hemoglobin |
| Carbon monoxide poisoning happens when carbon monoxide molecules (CO) bind to the same sites on the _________ that oxygen is supposed to bind to. | hemegroup |
| Hemoglobin has a ________ _________, meaning it is made of 4 protein chains. In the center of each protein chain is an iron-containing ___________. | quaternary structure/hemegroup |
| The production of red blood cells is referred to as: | erythropoiesis |
| ____________ is the production of all of the formed elements of the blood. | Hematopoiesis |
| Both erythropoeisis and hematopoeisis take place in the ______ ______ ________. | red bone marrow |
| The hormone (produced in the kidney) that stimulates RBC production: | erythropoietin (EPO) |
| The stimulus that triggers the release of the hormone EPO by the kidneys: | Hypoxia (low O2 in blood) |
| After the EPO is released from the kidneys, its target is the ______ _______ _______, where it will stimulate erythropoiesis. | red bone marrow |
| Someone in kidney failure may need to receive _______ injections in order to continue to produce RBC's. | EPO (erythropoietin) |
| In the lifecycle of an RBC, after it enters the bloodstream, it circulates for about _____ days before they start to break down and get "eaten" by macrophages. | 120 |
| When RBC's get old and start to break down, they get "eaten" by _________ of the liver, spleen, and red bone marrow. | macrophages |
| When old, damaged RBC's are engulfed by macrophages, the ___________ is broken down to be recycled. | hemoglobin |
| When the hemoglobin is broken down to be recycled, it is broken down into 2 parts: | 1) Heme 2) Globin |
| ________ is the protein portion of hemoglobin. | Globin |
| In the process of breaking down hemoglobin, the globin is _________ into amino acids that are put back into the blood to be reused. | hydrolyzed |
| The heme portion of hemoglobin is made of 2 components: | 1) bilirubin 2) iron |
| The yellow-ish green pigment that is a waste product of blood, filtered out by the liver: | bilirubin |
| Bilirubin ends up in ______, which is stored in the gall bladder and released into the intestines. | bile |
| Bilirubin is converted into the brown pigment called _________ by bacteria in the intestines, awhich is then excreted in feces. | stercobilin |
| In the process of hemoglobin being broken down to be recycled, the iron portion of the heme is transported to the ________ for storage, where it will be released into the blood to be reused. | liver |
| Name the raw materials absorbed by the intestines and put into the blood stream that will later be used in erythropoiesis: | amino acids (required for protein synthesis), iron (required for heme production), and B12 & folic acid (required for DNA synthesis) |
| At the end of the RBC lifecycle, raw materials required for RBC production are absorbed by the __________ and enter the blood stream. | intestines |
Created by:
taranorwood