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Chapter 25Vocabulary
Unruh's Chapter 25 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an oscillation, or repeating back-and-forth motion, about an equilibrium position | vibration |
| a distance that repeats regurlarly in a space and time and that is transmitted progressively from one place to the next with no actual transport of matter. | wave |
| The time required for a pendulum to make one to-and-fro swing. In general, the time required to complete a single cycle. | period |
| the back-and-forth vibratory motion of a swinging pendulum | simple harmonic motion |
| a curve whose shape represents the crests and troughs of a wave, as traced out by a swinging pendulum that drops a trail of sand over a moving conveyor belt | sine curve |
| one of the places in a wave where the wave is highest or the disturbance is greatest | crest |
| one of the places in a wave where the wave is lowest, or the disturbance is greatest, in the opposite direction from a crest | trough |
| the distance from the midpoint to the maximum (crest) of a wave or, equivalently, from the midpoint to the minimum (trough) | amplitutde |
| the distance from the top of the crest of a wave to the top of the following crest, or equivalently, the distance between successive identical parts of the wave. | wavelength |
| the number of events (cycles, vibrations, oscillations, or any repeated event) per time; measured in hertz (or events per time). Inverse of period. | frequency |
| the SI unit of frequency. One hertz (Hz) is one cycle per second. | hertz |
| a wave with vibration at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling. | transverse wave |
| a wave in which the vibration is the same direction as that in which the wave is traveling, rather than at right angles to it. | longitudinal wave |
| a pattern formed by the overlapping of two or more waves that arrive in a region at the same time. | interfernece pattern |
| addition of two of more waves when wave crests overlap to produce a resulting wave of increased amplitude | constructive interference |
| combination of waves where crests of one wave overlap troughs of another, resulting in a wave of decreased amplitude. | destructive intereference |
| term applied to two waves for which the crest of one wave arrives at a point at the same time that a trough of the second wave arrives. Their effects cancel each other. | out of phase |
| term applied to two or more waves whose crests (and troughs) arrive at a place at the same time, so that their effects reinforce each other. | in phase |
| wave in which parts of the wave remain stationary and the wave appears not to be traveling. The result of interference between an incident (original) wave and a reflected wave. | standing wave |
| any part of a standing wave that remains stationary | node |
| the positions on a standing wave where the largest amplitudes occur | antinodes |
| the apparent change in frequency of a wave due to the motion of the source or of the receiver. | doppler effect |
| an increase in the measured frequency of light from an approaching source; called the blue shift because the apparent increase is toward the high frequency, or blue, end of the color spectrum. Also occurs when an observer approaches a source. | blue shift |
| a decrease in the measured frequency of light (or other radiation) from a receding source; called the red shift because the decrease is toward the low frequency, or red, end of the color spectrum. | red shift |
| the v-shaped wave produced by an object moving on a liquid surface faster than the wave speed. | bow wave |
| a cone-shaped wave produced by an object moving at supersonic speed through a fluid. | shock wave |
| the sharp crack heard when the shock wave that sweeps behind a supersonic aircraft reaches the listener. | sonic boom |
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unruh
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