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Ch 2 socio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Culture | the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next, Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us |
| Material Culture | the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry |
| Nonmaterial Culture [Symbolic Culture] | group’s ways of thinking (includes beliefs, values, assumptions about world) and doing (patternsbehavior-language, other forms of interaction), provides a moral imperative – culture we internalize becomes the ‘right’ way of doing things-like ethnocentrism |
| Mores | norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well being of a group |
| Moral Holidays | times people allowd to break norms, Ex mardi grasGeorgetown day Activities people would otherwise be arrested permitted—expected—including public drunkenness nudity , Moral Holiday Places --Locations where norms expected be broken,Ex: Red light district |
| Material Culture Definition | the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, buildings, weapons, utensils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry |
| Non-Material Culture and its componentsDefinition | a group’s ways of thinking (including its beliefs, values, and other assumptions about the world) and doing (its common patterns of behavior including language and other forms of interaction) |
| Gestures | the ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another |
| Language | system of symbols combined in infinite number of ways and can represent not objects and abstract thoughts, Allows culture to develop by freeing people to move beyond their immediate experiences, Frees us from the present, giving social past and future |
| Values | standards by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly |
| Norms | expectations or rules of behavior that reflect and enforce behavior that develop out of a groups values |
| Ideal Culture | a people’s ideal values and norms; the goals held out for them |
| Real Culture | the norms and values people actually follow |
| Symbols Definition | something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others |
| Ethnocentrism Definition | using one’s own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, usually leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors |
| Cultural Relativism Definition | not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms, Looking at how the elements of culture fit together without judging these elements as superior or inferior to our own way of life |
| Culture Shock Definition | the disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for granted assumptions |
| Counterculture Definition | Groups whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture |
| Cultural Universals Definition | a value, norm, or cultural trait that is found in every group |
| Similar activities are present in all cultures, but the specific customs may differ – universal human activities but no universally accepted way of doing each activity | |
| Cultural Diffusion Definition | the spread of culture traits from one group to another; includes both material and non material traits |
| The effectiveness of today’s travel and communications aids in the rapidly increasing speed of cultural diffusion | |
| Cultural Lag Definition | Ogburn’s term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations, Not all parts of culture change at the same pace. A groups material culture usually changes first, with the nonmaterial culture lagging behind |
| Cultural Leveling Definition | the process by which cultures become similar to one another; refers especially to the process by which western culture is being exported and diffused into other nations |
| Sanctions Definition | either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them |
| Pluralistic Society Definition | a society made up of many different groups, with contrasting values and orientations to life |
| Core US Values | Achievement and success, Individualism, Hard work. Efficiency and practicality, Science and technology, Material comfort, Freedom, Democracy. Equality, Group superiority, Education. Religiosity. Romantic love |
| Value Contradictions Definition | values that contradict one another; to follow the one means to come into conflict with another, it is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that one can see a major force for social changes in a society |
| anomie | durkheim's term for a condition of society in which people become detatched from their ususal norms that guid their behavior |
| theoretical parodome | road map to discovering theory, how i went about proving my theory |
Created by:
vschept