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Chapter 2
Question | Answer |
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Culture | all shared products of human groups. These products include both physical objects and the beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group. |
Material Culture | The physical objects that people create and use form a groups material culture. (Ex. automobiles, books, buildings, clothing, computers, and cooking utensils. |
Nonmaterial Culture | Abstract human creations, such as language, ideas, beliefs, rules, skills, family patterns, work practices, and political and economic systems. |
Society | A group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity. |
Technology | Knowledge and tools people use for practical purposes. |
Language | Organization of written and spoken symbols into a standardized system. |
Values | Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong,desirable or undesirable. |
Norms | Shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations. |
Folkways | Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them. |
Mores | Norms that have great moral significance. |
Laws | Written rules of conduct enacted and enforced by the government. |
Culture Trait | Individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need. |
Cultural Complexes | A cluster of interrelated traits. |
Culture Patterns | The combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole. |
Cultural Universals | An element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures. |
Ethnocentrism | To view one's own culture and group as superior. |
Cultural Relativism | Belief that cultures should be judged by their own standards rather than by applying the standards of another culture. |
Subculture | Group with its own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists within a larger culture. |
Counterculture | Group that rejects the values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural patterns |