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U3T1

DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis

TermDefinition
DNA DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid)is a type of nucleic acid, a macromolecule that stores genetic information
Genome The collection of all your DNA is called your genome, which is like a recipe book that tells your body how to build everything it needs to survive
Gene A gene gives a cell all the instructions for making a protein
Nucleotide DNA is made up of building blocks (monomers) called nucleotides. The 5 bases are deoxyribose, adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
Base Pair Rule These bases pair up in a very specific way between two DNA strands
DNA Replication which happens inside the nucleus. Special proteins called enzymes unzip the DNA strand, like opening a zipper. Then, new nucleotides match up with the exposed base
Transcription During transcription, a gene in the DNA is copied into a different molecule called RNA
RNA A gene in the DNA is copied into a different molecule called RNA
mRNA mRNA is like a photocopy of the gene — it carries the instructions out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm
Ribosome Once in the cytoplasm, the mRNA travels to a ribosome, the cell’s protein factory
Cytoplasm The jelly-like area outside the nucleus where the rest of the cell’s work happens
tRNA Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid and has a special three-letter code called an anticodon
Amino Acid The building blocks of proteins
Codon The codon and anticodon fit together, and when they do, the ribosome adds the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain
Created by: user-2051173
 

 



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