Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CM1020 (Deng)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is organic chemistry? | The study of carbon |
| What elements are in DNA? | C, H, O, N and P |
| What elements do proteins and enzymes contain? | C, H, O, N and S |
| Other organic compounds important to life? | Sugars, fats, vitamins and hormones |
| Toxins | LD50 (70kg person = 70*10^3) |
| How many organic compounds are known? | 16 million |
| Why are there so many organic compounds? | 1. Carbon forms bonds to itself to make chain 2. Carbon forms stable bonds with many other elements (H, N, O, P, S) 3. Carbon can form branched chains 4. Carbon can form rings 5. Carbon can form multiple bonds (double/triple) |
| What does carbon exist as? | Carbonate (rocks), hydrogen carbonate in the sea, carbon dioxide and methane (atmosphere), |
| What is the carbon cycle? | Carbon naturally moves between earth, sea and air |
| How many valence bonds does carbon need to satisfy octet rule? | four pairs |
| How many covalent bonds does carbon form? | four |
| Why can carbon form triple bonds? | High enough valency |
| Why is carbon the central atom in many compounds? | Acts as a hub to which other atoms anchor themselves |
| What is the first key component of organic compounds? | A simple framework which provides structure and stability |
| What is the second key component of organic compounds? | A series of more diverse and specialised components which attach to the simple framework |
| What is the third key component of organic compounds? | An analogue of the human body: - the skeleton, on which the rest of the body is built - The body has a specialised range of components (heart, lungs, muscles etc.) |
| What is the fourth key component of organic compounds? | The specialised components that attach to the frameworks of an organic compound are functional groups |
| What is the fifth key component of organic compounds? | A functional group comprises a specific , characteristic set of atoms |
| What is the sixth key component of organic compounds? | All members of a particular family of organic compounds share the same functional groups |
| What are hydrocarbons formed of? | Hydrogen and carbon |
| Why are hydrocarbons the simplest compounds? | Only contain hydrogen and carbon atom skeleton and contains no functional groups |
| What are the different types of hydrocarbons? | alkane, alkene and alkyne |
| What is an alkane? | Saturated hydrocarbon which has only single bonds |
| What is an alkene? | Unsaturated hydrocarbon which has at least one double bond |
| What is an alkyne? | Unsaturated hydrocarbon which has at least one triple bond |
| What does structural formula tell us? | The relative number of atoms present in one molecule and how the atoms interact with one another |
| Simplifying structural formula? | Structural formula can be simplified by showing the bonding without actually showing the hydrogen and carbon atoms, the same can be said for double bonds |
| What is the first rule of simplifying structural formula? | Draw the zigzags at 120 degrees |
| What is the second rule of simplifying structural formula? | Miss out the H's attached to the carbon atom (unless there's a good reason not to) |
| What is the third rule of simplifying structural formula? | Miss out the C's for the carbon atoms (unless there's a good reason not to) |
| Why are functional groups important? | Key to organic molecules |
| Why do simplified structural formulas work? | 1. Uncluttered 2. Kinks represent C's 3. We know the H's are there because carbon forms 4 bonds 4. Quicker to draw |
| How are the members of the alkane family differentiated? | The amount of carbon atoms they contain |
| How are alkanes named? | The root tells us the number of carbon atoms forming the longest unbroken chain in the molecule, the suffix tells us if the hydrocarbon is saturated or unsaturated |
| What are the ways carbon atoms join together to form backbones? | 1. Straight chain 2. Branched chain 3. Cyclic (ring shaped) |
| How are straight chain hydrocarbons joined together? | Carbon atoms joined together to form a continuous chain |
| How are branched chain hydrocarbons joined together? | Carbon atoms joined together along a backbone that branches to form two separate chains |
| How are cyclic hydrocarbons joined together? | Straight chained hydrocarbons join together to form a ring |
| How are cyclic hydrocarbons named? | Given prefix 'cyclo' e.g. cyclohexane |
| Chemical properties of alkanes? | Connected by a series of C-C and C-H bonds; - Large amount of energy to break bonds - So they generally stay in tact - With stability comes a lack of reactivity - The alkanes do undergo combustion |
| First rule for naming branches alkanes? | Find the name of the longest continuous carbon chain |
| Second rule for naming branches alkanes? | Identify the name of the substituents attached to this chain |
| Third rule for naming branches alkanes? | Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a branch point |
| Fourth rule for naming branches alkanes? | Designate the location of each substituent group by an appropriate number and name |
| Fifth rule for naming branches alkanes? | Write the complete name, by listing substituent groups in alphabetical order |
| What does p bond do in a double bond | Acts as reinforcement, strengthening the linkage between two atoms |
| How are alkenes differentiated from alkanes? | The contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond |
| How are alkenes named? | Same convention as alkanes but have the suffix 'ene' instead of 'ane' |
| How are alkenes different from alkanes chemically? | The presence of double bonds makes alkenes more chemically reactive |
| What is benzene? | An aromatic, conjugated compound. It's properties lie between that of a single and positive bond. Each carbon atom in a benzene ring has one carbon atom to form 4 bonds |
| How are benzene rings represented? | With a circle at the centre of the ring to denote the delocalised electrons |
| What are aliphatic compounds? | non-aromatic compounds |
| What is an alkyne? | A hydrocarbon containing a triple bond |
| Why are alkynes unstable? | The high energy of the triple bond |
| How are alkynes named? | Same convention as alkanes but with suffix '-yne' instead of '-ane' |
| What is the aryl group? | functional group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by the removal of one or more hydrogen atom |
| What can R be taken to represent? | An Aryl group |
| What are the six functional groups containing oxygen? | Alcohol, ether, carbonyl groups (aldehyde and ketone), carboxylic groups (carboxylic acids and ester) |
| What are alcohols? | the hydroxyls, the simplest oxygen containing functional group |
| What is the generic formula of alcohols? | ROH |
| How is an alcohol formed? | Hydroxyl group attached to hydrocarbon group by a single covalent bond |
| How are alcohols named? | Same convention as alkanes but remove the '-e' from parent alkane and add '-ol' |
| How does the liver protect from the 'demon drink'? | Metabolises alcohol into substances that are easier to remove from the body. Ethanol -> Ethanal -> Ethanoic acid -> Carbon dioxide and water |
| What is ethanols effect on the body? | Acts as a stimulant and a depressant |
| What is ethanals effect on the body? | Causes elated mood, dizziness and inability to walk in a straight line |
| What do ethanal and ethanoic acid have in common? | Both damage the liver |
| What is the generic formula of ethers? | ROR' |
| What are ethers? | The combination of an alkyl group and an oxygen atom, comprise two alkyl groups bridged by an oxygen atom |
| What is the difference between the alkoxy group and hydroxyl groups? | Similair, except the Hydrogen atom is replaced with an alkyl group |
| How to name ethers? | 1. Identify the shortest alkyl group 2. Remove the '-yl' suffix 3. Add the '-oxy' suffix 4. Identify the longest alkyl and add the corresponding parent alkane to the name |
| Generic formula aldehydes? | -RCHO |
| Generic formula ketones? | -RCOR' |
| What is a carbonyl group? | Contains an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom |
| Chemical properties of carbonyl groups? | Induces polarisation and confers the ability to participate in hydrogen bonding |
| Where does carbonyl group attach to in an aldehyde? | The carbonyl group is attached to one carbon atom |
| Where does carbonyl group attach to in a ketone? | The carbonyl group is attached to two carbon atoms |
| Naming aldehydes? | Take the parent alkane, removing the '-e' and adding the suffix '-al' |
| Naming the ketone? | Take the parent alkane, removing the '-e' and adding the suffix '-one' |
| Generic formula for carboxylic acids? | RCOOH |
| What is the carboxyl group? | A group that contains two functional groups, and is the defining things of carboxylic acids |
| Naming the carboxylic acids? | Removing the '-e' from the parent alkane and adding the suffix '-oic acid' |
| Generic formula of esters? | RCOOR' |
| What are esters? | An organic compound defined by the presence of a specific carboxyl group, the hydroxyl group in an ester is modified to an alkoxy group (-OR) |
| How are esters formed? | The joining of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid |
| Naming of esters? | The first part of the name takes the name of the alkyl group on which the alcohol is based, the second part of the name takes the carboxylic acid name and substitutes '-ic acid' with '-ate' |
Created by:
user-2065564