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Pragmatics
SLP 102
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pragmatics | studies language use in social contexts rather than language structure, connects language development and environment in which communication occurs, rules for appropriate social interaction |
| strong pragmatic skills... | are predicated on a strong theory of mind |
| theory of mind | the ability to attribute mental states (beliefs, intents, desires, emotions, knowledge) to ourselves and other, develops in early childhood |
| theory of mind is used in... | presupposition |
| presupposition | gauging what the listener already knows to determine how much info to give a person, adapting and accommodating to different listeners (ex. teachers, friends, babies) |
| metapragmatic awareness | ability to explicitly reflect knowledge of pragmatic behaviors and laws during conversation, older children are better at identifying/offering solutions to conversational problems, increases with age |
| functions of communication | instrumental, regulatory, interaction, personal, begins with gesture & word combination |
| instrumental communication | used to obtain a goal or meet wants and needs (ex. baby saying "more" because they want more food) |
| regulatory communication | used to control others' behaviors (ex. giving a ball to an adult to request play) |
| interaction communication | used to obtain joint attention (ex. child calls for "mama", wants her to look over) |
| personal communication | used to express feelings or attitudes (ex. child says "yum" while eating a cookie) |
| post-childhood/preschool & beyond functions of communication | purposes for communication expand tremendously due to growing language skills, not just making requests/comments (ex. refusing, making choices, answering yes/no questions, greetings, using manner, offering/sharing with others, etc.) |
| Grice's maxims | skills for a successful conversation, understand violations in these maxims by 5-6 years old |
| quantity maxim | be as informative as you can, give as much info as needed but no more |
| quality maxim | be truthful, do not give info that is false or not supported by evidence |
| relation maxim | be relevant, say things that are pertinent to conversation topic |
| manner | be clear, brief, and orderly, avoid obscurity and ambiguity |
| politeness | be polite, establish social closeness by being kind, gentle, and using social norms |
| jokes | rely on linguistic ambiguity, rely on domains of language (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) |
| phonology jokes | use 2 words that sound similar (ex. "Who steals soap from the bathroom - A robber ducky") |
| semantics jokes | use the same word that has multiple meanings (ex. "What's a whale's favorite sandwich - Peanut butter and jellyfish") |
| morphology jokes | use a morpheme that changes meaning of a word (ex. "Where did the king keep his armies - In his sleevies") |
| syntax jokes | use a phrase or sentence that is parsed in 2 different ways (ex. "last night I shot an elephant in my pajamas...how he got in my pajamas I'll never know") |
| pragmatics jokes | break social rules of language (ex. "Knock knock! - Who's there? - Please don't knock on my door again") |
Created by:
tcs2819