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Anthro Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cultural anthropology | a social science discipline |
| Edward B Tylor’s culture as a concept | Something that is learned and shared in a group |
| Characteristics of culture | 1) Learned not inherited 2) Shared (interacting with others promotes learning 3) Integrated (interrelated parts influence one another) 4) Symbolic (learning occurs mainly through language) |
| Human language in cultural complexity | each culture had their owns language and grammar |
| Culture versus Society | culture is the behavior, ideas, beliefs and material of a society or people group whereas society is comprised of individuals which are put in groups and those groups are divided into primary and secondary groups |
| Statuses in Small-scale versus Large-scale societies | Ascribed vs achieved |
| groups in Small-scale versus Large-scale societies | primary in S-S vs secondary in L-S |
| Ideational theories | Theories focusing on ideas, thoughts and other subjective phenomena not immediately perceivable by human senses, or evident as an outgrowth of human social interaction |
| Clifford Geertz: Interpretive or Symbolic Anthropology | Culture can be studied by examining public symbols as found in events, rituals and everyday public expressions |
| Claude Lévi-Strauss: Structural Anthropology | Beneath the diversity of cultures, similarities exist in all of them, reflecting how the human mind works the same everywhere-Seek to discover the universal grammar of culture |
| Materialist theories | Theories focusing on the materialist conditions of life – work, environment, human social relations – and how these forces or factors determine human consciousness, behavior and culture, or ideology |
| Ecological or Environmental Anthropology | Culture as an adaptive process used to survive in an environment |
| Who is Eric Wolf in relation to Anthropological Political Economy | he was a political economist who was inspired by Marx |
| Mode of Production | means of production and the social relations of production |
| Means of Production | tools, tech, knowledge |
| Social Relations of Production | selling your labor |
| Ideology vs culture in socially stratified societies | culture is more egalitarian (equal society) and ranked in small scale societies vs ideology is more stratified with things like education, religious ideology, and gender ideology |
| Fieldwork in Cultural Anthropology vs Data collection in other Social Science disciplines | cultural anthropology’s fieldwork (ethnography) is more immersive |
| Early “Armchair” Anthropologists | Edward b Taylor and Lewis Henry Morgan |
| What is significant about the Bronislaw Malinowski | they were the subjects of Anthropology’s earliest field research |
| Cultural Immersion | Learning gained in fieldwork through personal and intimate interaction with individuals of another culture |
| Cultural Relativism | Evaluating another culture’s beliefs, practices, and behaviors within the context of that culture |
| Ethnocentrism | Evaluating another culture by the standards of one’s own culture; disrespect or intolerance for another culture |
| Ethnography and Ethnographers | Ethnographers employ a wide variety of field techniques to gather data, but most data collection typically involves some degree of cultural immersion and participant observation |
| Culture shock | The anxiety and emotions caused by living for an extended period of time (often ≥ a year) among another people |
| Participant observation | living and actively participating in a culture to gather data |
| AAA Code of Ethics | set of ethic that dictate how ethnographers should conduct their work |
| AAA rule 1 | No harm |
| AAA rule 2 | be open and honest regarding your work |
| AAA rule 3 | Obtain Informed Consent and Necessary Permissions |
| AAA rule 4 | Weigh Competing Ethical Obligations and Affected Parties |
| AAA rule 5 | Make Your Results Accessible |
| AAA rule 6 | Protect and Preserve Your Records |
| AAA rule 7 | Maintain Respectful and Ethical Professional Relationships |
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