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Anesthesia
The Preanesthetic Patient, Anesthetic Equipment, and Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary purpose of anesthesia? | To alleviate pain and decrease awareness of unpleasant stimuli. |
| When did anesthetic techniques begin to advance significantly? | The mid-1800s, when inhaled anesthetic agents became widely available. |
| What were some early inhaled anesthetic agents? | Diethyl ether, chloroform, and nitrous oxide. |
| When did anesthetic use become widespread in veterinary patients? | The 1930s, following the development of injectable barbiturates. |
| Which inhalant anesthetics were introduced in the 1950s? | Halothane and methoxyflurane. |
| Which injectable tranquilizer and drug class were introduced in the 1960s, according to the study guide? | Acepromazine and alpha-2 agonists. |
| Which dissociative anesthetic was introduced in the 1970s? | Ketamine. |
| Which anesthetic agents were introduced in the 1980s? | Isoflurane and propofol. |
| Which inhalant anesthetic was introduced in the 1990s? | Sevoflurane. |
| What is balanced or multimodal anesthesia? | Using multiple anesthetic or analgesic agents or techniques together to achieve sedation and/or pain relief while reducing the adverse effects associated with individual agents. |
| What does synergistically mean in balanced anesthesia? | That treatments work together to produce a combined effect. |
| What is the role of a veterinary technician in anesthesia? | To help provide safe, effective anesthesia and pain management through patient evaluation, equipment preparation, drug administration, monitoring, and recovery care. |
| When did humans begin using substances to relieve pain, according to historical records? | At least the fifth century BCE. |
| What were some of the earliest recorded analgesics? | Opiates extracted from the opium poppy. |
| When were major advances in anesthetic techniques developed? | The mid-1800s. |
| What is analgesia? | Relief of pain without necessarily causing unconsciousness. |
| What is general anesthesia? | A drug-induced state of unconsciousness with loss of protective responses to varying degrees, requiring appropriate airway and physiologic support. |
| What is surgical anesthesia? | A sufficient depth of general anesthesia to allow a surgical procedure without purposeful response to the surgical stimulus. |
| What is sedation? | A drug-induced state of reduced awareness and activity, usually with some response to stimulation remaining. |
| What is tranquilization? | A state of reduced anxiety and emotional reactivity, generally without necessarily causing sleep or unconsciousness. |
| What is hypnosis in anesthesia terminology? | A drug-induced sleep-like state. |
| What is narcosis? | A drug-induced state of stupor or profound CNS depression. |
| What does CNS stand for? | Central nervous system. |
| What is balanced or multimodal anesthesia? | sing multiple anesthetic or analgesic techniques or drugs that work together to provide anesthesia and/or pain relief while limiting the adverse effects of individual agents. |
| Name three examples of balanced anesthesia techniques. | Combining medications, local anesthetic blocks, regional anesthesia, or epidural anesthesia/analgesia. |
| Who is the patient's advocate during anesthesia? | The veterinary technician, who helps protect the patient's safety and welfare. |
| Name four anesthesia equipment responsibilities. | Maintenance, inspection, readiness checks, and troubleshooting. |
| What are other important anesthesia duties of a veterinary technician? | Administering anesthetic agents, endotracheal intubation, drug calculations, catheter placement, patient monitoring, and recovery care. |
| Why must anesthetic drug calculations be accurate? | Anesthetic drugs can have a narrow therapeutic index, so dosing errors can cause serious harm. |
| What does a narrow therapeutic index mean? | There is a relatively small margin between a drug dose that produces the desired effect and a dose that causes toxicity. |
| Name three cardiovascular or respiratory effects of anesthetic drugs. | Decreased cardiac output, decreased respiratory rate, decreased tidal volume, and decreased blood pressure. |
| What must be monitored throughout anesthesia? | Vital signs, overall anesthetic depth, and the patient's condition. |
| Why is equipment readiness important? | It helps prevent equipment-related problems and supports safe delivery and monitoring of anesthesia. |
| What qualities help a veterinary technician excel in anesthesia? | Attention to detail, careful patient evaluation, compassion, patience, and dedication to excellent patient care. |
| A drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned about its surroundings. | Tranquilization |
| The term regional anesthesia refers to: | Loss of sensation in a limited area of the body produced by administration of a local anesthetic or other agent in proximity to sensory nerves |
| A sleeplike state from which the patient can be aroused with sufficient stimulation. | Hypnosis |
| The term balanced anesthesia refers to: | Administration of multiple drugs concurrently in smaller quantities than would be required if each were given alone |
| With sufficient stimulation, a patient can be aroused from: | Sedation and Hypnosis |
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