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BIO 2 EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Father of cells, didn't view living cells | Hooke |
| Viewed living cells | Leeuwenhoek |
| Schwann and Schleiden | Proposed Cell Doctrine |
| "All living things have cells, cells are the basic unit of life" | Cell Doctrine |
| All cells have (5): | Cell Wall, DNA, Ribosomes, Plasma Membrane, Cytosol |
| Prokaryotic cell structure (4): | Nucleoid, Flagella, Cell Wall, Pili |
| Eukaryotic cell structure (8): | Nucleus, Smooth ER, Rough ER, Lysosome, Golgi, Cytoskeleton, Mitochondria, Nucleolus |
| Prokaryotic is a ________ cell | bacteria |
| Eukaryotic is a ______ and _______ cell | plant and animal |
| Plant cells only have (3): | Cell wall, Central vacuole, Chloroplast |
| hydrophobic methyl tails hide between hydrophilic | Phospholipid Bilayer |
| Two types of membrane proteins: | Peripheral and Integral |
| Has the function of being a receptor, carrier, and channel | Membrane |
| No ATP, down concentration gradient, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis | Passive transport |
| Uses ATP, up/against concentration gradient, SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP | Active Transport |
| Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis | Bulk Transport |
| What are the laws of thermodynamics? | defined properties, behavior, and changes of energy |
| 2 forms of energy | Potential and Kinetic |
| products have more energy than reactants and are ANABOLIC | Endergonic |
| reactants have more energy than products and are CATABOLIC | Exogenic |
| using exogenic reaction to start endergonic | Coupled |
| proteins with a 3D shape, is a catalyst, not used during rxn, decrease activation energy, is a bind substrate, has active sites, Denaturation | Enzymes |
| Thin layer that separates the cell | Plasma Membrane |
| everything in the cell but the nucleus | Cytoplasm |
| liquid portion of cell | Cytosol |
| small structure that makes protein | Ribosome |
| circular DNA, small extra DNA | Nucleoid |
| extensions of plasma membrane and provides movement | Flagella |
| provides the shape of the cell, outside layer, and is composed of sugar layers | Cell Wall |
| long thin structures, small than flagella, used for attachments | Pili |
| membrane bound location of genetic material | Nucleus |
| no ribosomes attached and makes lipids, hormones, carbs | Smooth ER |
| ribosomes attached and makes proteins | Rough ER |
| digestive vesicles, from golgi, enzyme sac, "floating stomach" | Lysosome |
| flattened sac, secretes material in/out | Golgi |
| protein filaments, long and thin | Cytoskeleton |
| double membrane organelle that provides energy | Mitochondria |
| production within nucleus | Nucleolus |
| takes up 50-90% internal space, stores water/toxins | Central Vacuole (think of vacuum) |
| double membrane organelle, location of photosynthesis, | Chloroplast (chlorophyl) |
| do not protrude in bilayer, stick to 1 face | Peripheral |
| penetrate through phospholipid bilayer | Integral |
| surface proteins, bind chemical signs, cell-identity markers | Receptor |
| bind glucose, electrolytes, solutes | Carrier |
| passive movement directly across | Simple diffusion |
| passive movement in and out | Facilitated diffusion |
| natural movement of water in/out and high/low | Osmosis |
| movement of liquid material in a cell | Pinocytosis |
| Movement of large material in cell | Phagocytosis |
| brings materials into the cell by forming inward-budding vesicles | ENDOcytosis |
| releases materials out of the cell by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane | EXOcytosis |
| has the same solute concentration as the fluid inside a cell, resulting in no net movement of water across the cell membrane | Isotonic |
| lower solute concentration than the cell | Hypotonic |
| has a higher solute concentration than the cell | HYPERtonic |
| permanent changes in enzyme shape | Denaturation (think of denature-to change) |
| speeds up rxn | catalyst |
Created by:
Cthomas6