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anatomy CH12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sensory info with | afferent division |
| motor commands with | efferent division |
| 3 types of afferent receptors: | special sensory, visceral sensory, somatic sensory |
| afferent division uses | receptors |
| efferent division uses | effectors |
| special sensory receptors monitor | smell, taste, vision, balance, and hearing |
| visceral sensory receptors monitor | internal organs |
| somatic sensory receptors monitor | skeletal muscles, joints, and skin surface |
| 2 division of efferent division | somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
| somatic nervous system commands | skeletal muscle |
| autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions | parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| parasympathetic nervous system commands | smooth and cardiac muscle and glands |
| sympathetic nervous system commands | smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose tissue |
| enteric nervous system | neuron and nerve network within walls of digestive tract |
| the enteric nervous system is a part of the | autonomic nervous system |
| the enteric nervous system is special because | it can coordinate visceral reflexes without instructions from the CNS |
| can neurons divide? | no, because they do not have centrioles |
| neurons are ___ lived, have an ____ plasma membrane, and a ___ metabolic rate | long, excitable, high |
| neural stem cells are found active in... | nose and hippocampus |
| perikaryon | cytoplasm surrounding neural nucleus |
| the cytoskeleton of the perikaryon contains | neurotubules and neurofilaments |
| ____ extend into dendrites and axon for structural support | neurofibrils |
| the perikaryon contains ____ that provide energy, and synthesize organic materials that include them. | neurotransmitters |
| nissl bodies | clusters of the RER and free ribosomes in the soma of the neuron |
| nissl bodies appear as | grey matter |
| axon hillock | the point where the axon reaches the soma |
| telodendria | branches of axon extending towards the postsynaptic cell where axon terminals meet |
| axons are made of | cytoplasmic process |
| the axoplasm contains | neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and enzymes |
| collaterals | side branches of axon that end in telodendria |
| AP pulled away from cell body, towards axon terminals is pulled by the protein | kinesin |
| anterograde | AP is pulled away from cell body, towards axon terminals |
| AP pulled towards the cell body, away from axon terminal and is pulled by the protein | dynesin |
| axonal transport requires | ATP |
| retrograde | AP is pulled towards cell body, away from axon terminals |
| the purpose of retrograde axonal transport is | to remove debris from the axon terminal |
| anaxonic neuron | type of neuron that is small, with many dendrites and no axons |
| anaxonic neurons are found in the | brain and special sensory organs |
| bipolar neuron | type of neuron that are small and has a dendrite and axon with the cell body between them |
| bipolar neurons are found in the | special sense organs; rare |
| unipolar neuron | type of long neuron with a singular dendrite axon process with the cell body pinched off to the side |
| in a unipolar neuron, dendrites converge at | initial segment |
| unipolar neurons are mostly found in the | PNS |
| multipolar neuron | type of neuron with multiple dendrites stemming from soma with one axon |
| multipolar neurons are mostly found in the | CNS |
| ganglion | collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS |
| sensory neurons are ___ in the PNS | afferent |
| motor neurons are ___ in the PNS | efferent |
| sensory neurons are located | in peripheral sensory ganglia |
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