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ATI Module
Mood Disorders and Suicide (Mental Heatlh Exam)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale | Instrument to self-assess for mania (mood, self-confidence, speech, sleep, and activity). |
| anergia | Low level of energy. |
| anhedonia | Inability to experience pleasure. |
| Beck Depression Inventory | A 21-item self-assessment of the usual characteristic behaviors and attitudes present in depression. |
| cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) | Psychosocial intervention that aims to challenge and change cognitive behaviors and distortions and to help the client emotionally regulate. |
| cyclothymic disorder | Clients alternate between mania and mild to moderate depression for at least two years. |
| depression | A mood characterized by hopelessness/worthlessness/guilt, loss of interest in activities, increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, weight changes, psychomotor changes, difficulty concentrating, and persistent thoughts of death. |
| dysthymia | Mild form of depression. |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | Deliberate induction of seizures under anesthesia to treat depression. |
| endorphins | Hormones that act as the body’s natural pain relievers. |
| equitable care | Giving fair and impartial care, not favoring certain clients because they ask for special favors. |
| euthanasia | The act of helping a client die by suicide. |
| Geriatric Depression Scale | Instrument to measure depression in older adults. |
| Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS or Ham-D) | Depression instrument that has a version with 17 and a version with 21 questions, so it can be administered by a trained provider in about 30 min. |
| lethality | How capable a method is of causing death. |
| mania | State in which the client demonstrates elevated, expansive, and irritable mood. |
| mood disorders | Disruptions of mood or predominating emotion. |
| neuroplasticity | The ability of the brain to reorganize neurons and neural pathways in response to life events to promote growth and adjustment to changes in life circumstances. |
| PHQ-9 | Nine-question, self-administered assessment that clients can fill out to determine the amount and frequency of depression symptoms. |
| premenstrual dysphoric disorder | A group of manifestations that occur only in the last week before a client menstruates. |
| sensitive care | Giving care the client needs, considering their individual requirements. |
| serotonin syndrome | A potentially fatal medication reaction that can occur from medications such as SSRIs and SSNRIs. Manifestations include alterations in mental cognition, tremors, muscle rigidity, diaphoresis, extreme elevation in temperature, tachycardia, hypertension |
| therapeutic milieu | Creation of a safe environment. |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) | A procedure using magnetic pulses that focuses on areas of cerebral cortex. |
| tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) | An older classification of antidepressants, used to balance neurotransmitters. |
| Which manifestations are common during a manic episode in bipolar I disorder? | During a manic episode, clients may exhibit inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased psychomotor activity, and risky behaviors. |
| Which neurotransmitters are most implicated in mood disorders? | Dopamine and serotonin are key neurotransmitters involved in mood disorders, with imbalances affecting emotional regulation. |
| Which depression assessment tool is most appropriate for a client with dementia, and why? | The Geriatric Depression Scale is most appropriate for clients with dementia because its shorter version (15-item) is easier to complete and designed for individuals with cognitive challenges. |
| What is the distinction between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders? | Bipolar I involves severe manic episodes, often requiring hospitalization, while bipolar II includes hypomanic episodes and severe depressive episodes without full-blown mania. |
| What warning signs might indicate that a client is at immediate risk for suicide? | Immediate warning signs include expressing a desire to die, feelings of hopelessness, social withdrawal, giving away possessions, and making arrangements as though preparing for death. |
| What strategies can a nurse use to build trust with a client who is reluctant to discuss mental health due to cultural beliefs? | A nurse can assure the client that mental health issues are treatable conditions, not moral failings. Using empathetic communication, avoiding clinical jargon, and creating a nonjudgmental environment can help the client feel safe and supported. |
| What are the key features of premenstrual dysphoric disorder? | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder involves a group of manifestations, such as dysphoria, that occur only in the last week before menstruation. |
| What steps can nurses take to ensure the safety of clients with mood disorders in a psychiatric unit? | Nurses should monitor for risky behaviors or suicidality, ensure compliance with safety protocols, educate visitors about unit rules, and verify medication ingestion. Clients should not be left alone during vulnerable times. |
| What are the potential effects of adverse childhood experiences on mood disorders? | Adverse childhood experiences can increase the risk of depression or mania by altering the brain's stress response and depleting neurotransmitters. |
| How can a nurse effectively communicate boundaries while maintaining empathy for clients with mood disorders? | The nurse can frame boundaries in a client-focused way, such as emphasizing safety and support from loved ones, rather than using punitive language. |
| What are the key differences between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder? | Major depressive disorder involves severe depressive episodes that significantly impair daily functioning, while persistent depressive disorder is characterized by a chronic, mild depression lasting at least two years in adults or one year in children. |
| What is cyclothymic disorder, and how does it differ from bipolar disorder? | Cyclothymic disorder involves alternating episodes of hypomanic symptoms and mild to moderate depression for at least two years, without meeting criteria for bipolar disorder. |
| How does persistent depression interfere with neuroplasticity, and what are the long-term implications? | Persistent depression reduces neuroplasticity, impairing the brain's ability to adapt and form new connections. This can lead to chronic depressive symptoms and difficulty recovering from stressors. |
| What is the role of neuroplasticity in helping individuals recover from depression? | Neuroplasticity allows the brain to reorganize and form new neural connections in response to life changes, facilitating recovery from depression by enabling adaptation and improved emotional regulation. |
| How can the nurse utilize the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) to assess suicide risk? | The C-SSRS helps the nurse evaluate suicidal thoughts' frequency, duration, and intensity, assess the specifics of plans, past behaviors, intent, and access to means, determining the client's risk level. |
| What protective factors should nurses educate clients and families about to reduce the risk of mood disorders and suicide? | Nurses should educate about physical activity, healthy eating, social support, and participation in spiritual practices as protective factors. |
| Which demographic groups in the U.S. are most vulnerable to suicide, and why is this important for prevention strategies? | Indigenous Peoples, non-Hispanic white individuals, veterans, rural residents, and LGBTQ+ youth. This information is crucial for tailoring prevention strategies to address specific risk factors and provide targeted support. |
| What is the role of the nurse in managing nutrition for clients experiencing mania? | The nurse should ensure clients receive high-calorie, high-quality finger foods that are easy to eat while pacing, such as nutrition shakes, cheese sticks, and sandwiches. |
| What safety precautions should be implemented for a client with bipolar disorder displaying suicidal ideations? | Clients should be monitored closely, not left alone during group activities, and observed at unpredictable intervals if on suicide precautions. The psychiatric unit should minimize access to items that could facilitate self-harm |
| What dietary recommendations should a nurse make for a client experiencing mania? | The nurse should recommend high-calorie, high-quality finger foods such as nutrition shakes, cheese sticks, and sandwiches that the client can consume while pacing or being active. |
| What medical conditions are known to induce depression? | Conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain injury can induce depression. |
| What characterizes persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)? | Persistent depressive disorder, or dysthymia, is a mild chronic depression lasting at least two years. |
| How can nurses address the long-term effects of childhood trauma on clients with mood disorders? | Nurses can advocate for early intervention, teach effective coping and problem-solving skills, and connect clients with therapy and support resources. |
| What are the risks associated with sudden mood improvements in clients with depression? | Sudden mood improvements may indicate that a client has devised a plan to end their pain, which could signal increased suicide risk. |
| Why is the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDRS) considered useful in clinical settings? | The HDRS has versions with 17 and 21 questions, which can be administered by a trained provider in about 30 minutes. It provides a structured approach to assessing depression symptoms and severity. |
| What is the role of the nurse in assessing suicidal ideations in clients with depression? | The nurse must continuously assess the client for suicidal ideations, including determining if the client has a plan, the lethality of the plan, and access to means, to implement timely safety measures and interventions. |
| How does substance or medication-induced depressive disorder develop? | This disorder occurs after a client begins using or withdrawing from substances like alcohol, opioids, or amphetamines, leading to depressive symptoms. |
| What is the significance of the DSM-5-TR in diagnosing mood disorders? | The DSM-5-TR provides criteria for diagnosing mood disorders, helping healthcare professionals identify and classify mental health conditions. |
| How does chronic stress impact the brain's neuroplasticity, and what effect does this have on depression? | Chronic stress limits neuroplasticity, reducing the brain's capacity to adapt and form new connections. This exacerbates depressive symptoms and impairs coping mechanisms |
| What roles do psychologists and psychiatrists play in the interprofessional team treating depression? | Psychologists typically focus on psychotherapy to help clients address emotional and behavioral issues, while psychiatrists combine psychotherapy with the ability to prescribe medications for managing depressive symptoms. |
| How can a therapeutic milieu benefit clients with mood disorders in an inpatient setting? | A therapeutic milieu creates a safe environment where clients feel supported and able to express their feelings without judgment, which promotes healing and reduces stress |
| How does cultural stigma impact the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders? | Cultural stigma may lead individuals to avoid discussing mental health issues, fear rejection, or hesitate to seek professional help. |
| What are the primary risks associated with starting antidepressants for a client with severe depression? | Antidepressants can increase energy before addressing thoughts of self-harm, potentially heightening suicide risk. Careful monitoring is essential during early treatment. |
| What actions should a nurse take when a client expresses suicidal ideation during an outpatient visit? | The nurse should explore the client's suicidal thoughts, assess for a plan and its lethality, ensure the client has access to support resources, and report to the clinical team or protective services if necessary. |
| Which mood disorder is associated with mood lability and anxiety during the premenstrual phase? | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is characterized by mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety during the premenstrual phase. |
| How do interprofessional teams address the risk of self-harm in clients with depression? | The team collaborates to monitor for verbal and nonverbal cues of self-harm, provide safety interventions, and adjust treatment plans as needed to reduce risk. |
| What therapeutic communication strategies can a nurse use when interacting with a client experiencing mania? | The nurse should use non-punitive, empathetic language and encourage safe decision-making. For example, instead of saying 'Stop pacing!' the nurse could say, 'You must be exhausted with all that pacing! Here is a nutrition shake to give you energy.' |
| What role does genetic predisposition play in bipolar and major depressive disorders? | Genetic factors play a significant role, with an estimated 90% hereditary link in bipolar and major depressive disorders, as shown in twin studie |
| What protective factors can reduce the risk of suicide in clients with depression? | Protective factors include strong social support, effective coping strategies, access to mental health care, a sense of purpose, and a safe environment. |
| What are the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder according to DSM-5-TR? | Diagnosis requires five or more symptoms present during the same two-week period, including depressed mood or loss of interest, plus changes in appetite, sleep, energy, cognition, or suicidal ideation, not attributable to substances or medical conditions. |
| What clinical features define premenstrual dysphoric disorder? | Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is marked by mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety that occur during the premenstrual phase and resolve with menstruation. |
| What symptoms does the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale evaluate in clients with bipolar disorder? | The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale evaluates mood, self-confidence, speech, sleep, and activity levels, helping clients self-assess for mania symptoms. |
| What nonpharmaceutical treatments are effective for clients with depression? | Effective nonpharmaceutical treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy, group therapy, light therapy, exercise, and alternative therapies such as art and pet therapy. |
| Why are certain demographics, such as individuals aged 18-25, at higher risk for depression, according to epidemiological data? | Higher prevalence in this age group may be linked to life transitions, stress, hormonal changes, and increased social pressures, necessitating targeted interventions. |
| What nursing interventions can encourage neuroplasticity in clients with depression? | Interventions include promoting physical activity, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness practices, social interaction, and compliance with antidepressant medication regimens. |
| Why is it important for nurses to carefully monitor clients beginning antidepressant therapy? | Antidepressants can increase energy before addressing thoughts of self-harm, placing clients at greater risk for impulsive actions requiring close monitoring. |
| Why is self-reflection important for nurses providing care to clients with mood disorders? | Self-reflection helps nurses identify and mitigate implicit biases, ensuring equitable and sensitive care tailored to the client's individual needs. |
| Why is it important for nurses to validate the emotions of clients with depression during therapeutic conversations? | Validation builds rapport and trust, encouraging clients to share their feelings openly. It also helps nurses address cognitive distortions and guide clients toward positive thought patterns. |
| How does neuroplasticity differ between individuals who recover from depression and those who do not? | Those who recover from depression exhibit greater neuroplasticity, enabling the brain to form new, adaptive neural pathways. In contrast, reduced neuroplasticity hinders recovery by maintaining maladaptive patterns. |
| Which strategies can nurses use to decrease stigma around mood disorders in communities? | Strategies include educating the community about mood disorders and their symptoms, promoting supportive environments, advocating for early intervention, and emphasizing the importance of seeking treatment. |
| What are some covert clues that a client with depression might be contemplating suicide? | Covert clues include giving away possessions, writing goodbye letters, withdrawing from loved ones, or making statements like, 'You won’t have to worry about me much longer |
| How is the PHQ-9 assessment tool used in primary care settings for mood disorders? | The PHQ-9 is a nine-question, self-administered assessment that helps determine the amount and frequency of depression symptoms. It is quick to administer and suitable for primary care settings, including a version for teenagers. |
| What makes assessing the lethality of a client's suicide plan critical in risk evaluation? | Understanding lethality helps determine the immediacy of the threat, allowing healthcare providers to implement appropriate safety measures and prioritize interventions. |
| What risks are associated with psychotic depression in postpartum clients? | Postpartum clients with psychotic depression are at risk for harming their child due to delusions or hallucinations. |
| What symptoms differentiate major depression from temporary sadness or grief? | Major depression is characterized by persistent low mood, anhedonia, inappropriate guilt, sleep disturbances, slowed thinking, and suicidal ideations lasting for an extended period. |
| How can hypothyroidism influence mood? | Hypothyroidism can produce depressive manifestations due to hormonal imbalances. |
| What tests could a physician order to rule out medical causes of depression symptoms? | Physicians may order thyroid function tests or check for vitamin deficiencies to rule out medical conditions contributing to mood disorder manifestations. |
| Which therapies can occupational therapists use to support clients with depression? | Occupational therapists engage clients in pleasurable activities such as art, music, or pet therapy to improve mood and foster a sense of accomplishment. |
| Why might a client fear discussing depressive symptoms in cultures where mental health stigma is prevalent? | familial rejection, loss of social standing, or workplace penalties. Cultural norms may discourage open discussions about mental illness, leading to underreporting of symptoms and delayed treatment. |
| How can cultural stigma impact an individual's willingness to seek treatment for mood disorders? | individuals to avoid seeking treatment due to fear of rejection, family shame, or workplace repercussions. In some cultures, mental health issues are seen as personal weaknesses, making individuals hesitant to disclose symptoms or seek professional help. |
| What distinguishes the Geriatric Depression Scale from other depression assessment tools? | The Geriatric Depression Scale is specifically designed for older adults, with a 30-question version and a shorter 15-item version. It is suitable for clients with physical illness, mild/moderate dementia, and depression. |
| What should nurses monitor during suicidal precautions on a mental health unit? | Nurses should monitor the client's location, demeanor, and behaviors, ensure sharp or dangerous objects are inaccessible, maintain one-on-one observation, and document according to facility policy. |
| What is the nurse's responsibility during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for a client with treatment-resistant depression? | The nurse monitors the client’s status, responds to emergencies, reorients the client post-procedure, and ensures proper nutrition after the procedure. |
| How should the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) be used in a clinical setting? | The C-SSRS evaluates suicidal thoughts, plans, and behaviors by assessing their frequency, duration, intensity, intent, and access to means, helping determine the client's risk level. |
| What interventions should nurses prioritize during stressful life events to support clients with mood disorders? | Interventions include providing education about coping strategies, connecting clients with support networks, and offering resources such as therapy referrals and crisis hotlines. |
| Which mood disorder is characterized by hypomania and mild depressive symptoms that fluctuate chronically? | Cyclothymic disorder involves chronic mood fluctuations between hypomania and mild depression without meeting the criteria for bipolar I or II disorder. |
| What differentiates substance/medication-induced depressive disorders from other depressive disorders? | Substance/medication-induced depressive disorders develop during or shortly after substance use, intoxication, or withdrawal, directly linked to the substance or medication involved. |
| How should nurses assist clients with depression in engaging in daily activities during hospitalization? | Nurses should encourage clients to get up, get dressed, and participate in group activities, providing assistance with self-care as needed, and prevent long periods of rumination. |
| How can hormonal changes precipitate mood disorders? | Hormonal changes, such as those in premenstrual dysphoric disorder, can trigger mood disturbances due to fluctuations in hormonal levels |
| Why is collaboration between nurses and occupational therapists important in treating depression? | Collaboration ensures that clients engage in therapeutic activities to build pride in accomplishments while nurses provide ongoing education and monitor the client’s progress. |
| What measures should be taken for a client at high risk for suicide admitted to a behavioral health unit? | Measures include continuous monitoring, removing harmful objects, ensuring a safe environment, and engaging the client in therapeutic interventions and safety planning. |
| What factors increase suicide risk among individuals with depression, and how can nurses mitigate these risks? | Risk factors include chronic pain, substance use, trauma history, and access to lethal means. Nurses can mitigate these risks through continuous assessment, safety planning, and connecting clients to mental health resources. |
| How does disruptive mood dysregulation disorder differ from bipolar disorder? | Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves chronic, severe irritability and temper outbursts in children, adolescents, and adults, whereas bipolar disorder includes mood fluctuations between mania, hypomania, and depression. |
| What is anhedonia, and why is it a key symptom in depression diagnosis? | Anhedonia is the inability to experience pleasure, which is central to depression as it reduces engagement in rewarding activities, perpetuating symptoms and impairing recovery. |
| How does electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) work to treat depression? | ECT involves inducing seizures under anesthesia to stimulate brain activity, used specifically for treatment-resistant depression or bipolar disorder. |
| How should the nurse address suicidal ideations in a client being discharged from care? | The nurse should collaborate with caregivers to secure lethal means, develop a safety plan with coping strategies, and provide crisis hotline information for immediate support if suicidal thoughts intensify. |
| What differentiates postpartum depression from major depression with peripartum onset? | Postpartum depression occurs within one month after childbirth, while major depression with peripartum onset occurs during pregnancy and up to four weeks after childbirth. |
| Why is continuous assessment important for clients with chronic mood disorders | Continuous assessment is crucial because life events can trigger symptom recurrence, and mood disorders often require ongoing management to monitor symptoms, medication effectiveness, and safety risks. |
| How can dieticians contribute to the care of clients with depression? | Dieticians develop dietary regimens to ensure adequate hydration and nutrition, which are essential for improving physical health and supporting mental well-being. |
| What are the nurse’s responsibilities when caring for a client undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? | The nurse monitors the client’s vital signs, manages emergencies, reorients the client post-procedure, and ensures proper nutrition after fasting for ECT. |
| What are the hallmark symptoms of serotonin syndrome, and why is it a concern? | Serotonin syndrome includes altered mental cognition, tremors, muscle rigidity, diaphoresis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypertension, and gastrointestinal issues. It is a potentially fatal reaction to medications like SSRIs and SNRIs. |
| What is the role of licensed practical nurses in the interprofessional care of clients with depression? | Licensed practical nurses assist in facilitating group therapy, reinforcing education, administering medications, and ensuring a safe environment for the client. |
| Which nonpharmaceutical treatments might interprofessional teams suggest for depression besides medication? | Teams may recommend cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), group therapy, exercise, light therapy, art therapy, or mindfulness meditation |
| Why is it essential to address access to lethal means when assessing suicide risk? | Access to lethal means significantly increases suicide risk. Addressing this involves securing or removing items such as firearms or medications to reduce the likelihood of suicide attempts and protect the client. |
| What are key steps a nurse should take to ensure client safety when admitting someone with suicidal ideation to a mental health unit? | Key steps include examining the client's clothing and belongings to remove contraband, maintaining constant observation if risk is high, ensuring the client does not have access to sharp or dangerous object |
| What strategies can nurses use to encourage clients with mania to make safe decisions? | Nurses can use therapeutic communication, such as nonjudgmental statements and offering alternatives. For example, saying, 'You must be exhausted with all that pacing! Here is a nutrition shake to give you energy.' |
| What populations are at higher risk for suicidality and should be assessed more frequently? | Populations at higher risk include older adults, veterans, Black youth, LGBT youth, Indigenous Peoples, non-Hispanic white people, and those in high-risk industries like construction or mining. |
| How does the presence of firearms in a client's environment influence suicide risk, and what can nurses do to mitigate this risk? | Firearms significantly increase suicide risk due to their lethality. Nurses should collaborate with families to secure or remove firearms and ensure the client’s safety. |
| What approach should nurses take to educate clients about the delayed therapeutic effects of mood disorder medications? | Nurses should provide empathetic encouragement, stress the importance of patience, and instill hope for improvement over time. |
| What verbal and non-verbal cues might a nurse observe in a client with bipolar disorder experiencing mania? | Verbal cues may include statements such as 'I feel unstoppable' or rapid, pressured speech. Non-verbal cues may include hyperactivity, pacing, lack of sleep, excessive confidence, and increased physical activity. |
| How can a nurse ensure medication adherence in clients with bipolar disorder on a psychiatric unit? | The nurse should supervise the administration of medications, ensure the client swallows their pills, document the administration, and monitor the client’s response to the medication. |
| How can group therapy benefit clients with mood disorders? | Group therapy provides peer support, shared experiences, and coping strategies, fostering emotional connection and reducing feelings of isolation in clients with mood disorders. |
| What is the purpose of the Beck Depression Inventory in assessing mood disorders? | The Beck Depression Inventory is a 21-item self-assessment tool designed to measure the usual characteristic behaviors and attitudes present in depression. It is suitable for adolescents and adults. |
| Which professionals are responsible for assessing a client’s risk of suicide in a team treating depression? | Providers such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or advanced nurse practitioners typically use suicide risk assessment tools like the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale to evaluate risk and determine the level of care needed. |
| What verbal and nonverbal cues might indicate depression in a client with a mood disorder? | Verbal cues may include statements like 'I don’t even want to get out of bed,' while nonverbal cues could include reduced activity, lack of self-care, and expressions of hopelessness |
| What distinguishes mania in bipolar disorder? | Mania is characterized by elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, grandiosity, racing thoughts, hyperactivity, poor judgment, and verbose speech. |
| Which self-assessment tool is most appropriate for identifying manic symptoms in a client with bipolar disorder? | The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale is appropriate for identifying manic symptoms. It includes five questions assessing mood, self-confidence, speech, sleep, and activity levels. |
| Suicide Assessment - MILC | Means – How does the person have access to enact the plan? Intent – Do they have a plan? Lethality – How deadly is their plan? Cues and Behaviors (covert and overt, verbal and nonverbal) |
| SAD PERSONS | S- Sex: Male A- Age: <19 or >45 D- Depression P- Previous attempt E- Ethanol R- Rational thinking loss S- Social support lacking O- Organized plan N- No partner S- Sickness |
| Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: | chronic, severe, persistent irritability most of the day with frequent temper outbursts in children, adolescents, and adults; must be distinguished from bipolar disorder and disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders |
| Major depressive disorder: | severe depressed mood without mania or hypomania episodes; accompanied by functional changes such as loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, psychomotor changes such as decreased energy, difficulty concentrating and making decisions |
| Persistent depressive disorder: | a depressed mood or “feeling down and sad” for most of the day, lasting for at least two years with adults and one year with children and adolescents, and does not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder |
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: | manifestation of mood lability, irritation, dysphoria, and anxiety that occurs repeatedly during the premenstrual phase and decreases or resolves with menses |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation is an outpatient procedure that lasts about | 30 min. The client usually comes for treatment 5 days a week for 4 to 6 weeks. |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation procedure, the client may feel | a slight tapping on the head, scalp contraction, and tightening of the jaw. |
| transcranial magnetic stimulation has been proven to be | very effective in the treatment of depression when coupled with psychotherapy. |
| While an electrocardiograph (ECG) and electroencephalograph (EEG) monitor the client, brief | seizures are induced by electrical current attached to one or both sides of the forehead. |
| prevalence of depression in U.S. adults ages 18 or older in 2017 was estimated at 17.3 million, with | higher prevalence among females. |
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