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BDK quiz 7
| Pharmacologic Category | Generic Name | Brand Name | Classification | Common Indications | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contraceptive | drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Yasmin 28, Yaz | Contraception, acne | Key Side Effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, migraines with aura, and cardiovascular disease | |
| Contraceptive | levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Lutera, Levora, Seasonique | Contraception, acne | Key Side Effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, migraines with aura, and cardiovascular disease | |
| Contraceptive | norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Junel, Loestrin, Microgestin | Contraception, acne | Key Side Effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, migraines with aura, and cardiovascular disease | |
| Contraceptive | norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, and ferrous fumarate (PO) | Lo Loestrin Fe, Microgestin Fe | Contraception, acne | Key Side Effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, migraines with aura, and cardiovascular disease | |
| Contraceptive | norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Tri-Sprintec, Sprintec | Contraception, acne | Key Side Effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, migraines with aura, and cardiovascular disease | |
| Contraceptive | norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (PO) | Crysell-28, Low-Ogestrel | Contraception, acne | Key Side Effects: nausea, changes in menstrual flow, breast tenderness, thromboembolic disorders, headache, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of cardiovascular events in women >35 years old who smoke Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders, breast cancer, migraines with aura, and cardiovascular disease | |
| Estrogen derivative | estrogens, conjugated (equine) (PO, topical) | Premarin | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | Key Side Effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), edema, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, weight gain, thromboembolic disorders (myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE) US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic dis | |
| Estrogen derivative | estradiol (transdermal, PO) | Transdermal: Climara, Vivelle Dot PO: Estrace | Vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, vaginal atrophy associated with menopause | Key Side Effects: irritation at application site (transdermal patch only), edema, abdominal pain, breast tenderness, weight gain, thromboembolic disorders (myocardial infarction, stroke, VTE) US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; increased risk of endometrial cancer if not used concomitantly with progestin in women with a uterus; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease Other Notes: CI in hepatic dysfunction, thromboembolic dis | |
| Progestin | medroxyprogesterone (PO) | Provera | Abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenorrhea | Key Side Effects: acne, abnormal menstrual bleeding, headache, amenorrhea, weight gain US Boxed Warnings: increased risk of breast cancer; should not be used for dementia prevention; should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular disease Other Notes: CI in thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, estrogen or progesterone-dependent tumors, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, hepatic impairment | |
| Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | hydrocodone and acetaminophen (PO) | Lortab, Vicodin, Norco | CS-II | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above US Boxed Warnings: use with CYP3A4 inhibitors (or stopping CYP3A4 inducers) can increase oxycodone concentrations; hepatotoxicity |
| Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | oxycodone and acetaminophen (PO) | Percocet, Endocet | CS-II | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above US Boxed Warnings: use with CYP3A4 inhibitors (or stopping CYP3A4 inducers) can increase oxycodone concentrations; hepatotoxicity |
| Opioid and nonopioid analgesic combination | codeine and acetaminophen (PO) | Tylenol with Codeine #3, Tylenol with Codeine #4 | CS-III | Pain | Key Side Effects: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, pruritus, respiratory depression (dose-related) US Boxed Warnings (all opioid analgesics): See above US Boxed Warnings: concomitant use or discontinuation of CYP3A4 inducers, 3A4 inhibitors, or 2D6 inhibitors requires careful consideration; respiratory depression and death in children after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy who are ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine; hepatotoxicity |
| Opioid antagonist | naloxone (IV, IM, SQ, intranasal) | Narcan Nasal Spray, Zimhi | Narcan Nasal Spray: OTC | Opioid overdose | Key Side Effects: opioid withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent populations, pain |
| Partial opioid agonist and opioid antagonist | buprenorphine and naloxone (SL) | Suboxone | CS-III | Opioid use disorder | Key Side Effects: opioid withdrawal syndrome in opioid-dependent populations, constipation, headache, diaphoresis Other Notes: potentially life-threatening respiratory depression (when combined with other CNS and respiratory depressants); addition of naloxone to buprenorphine reduces the possibility of parenteral misuse by producing opioid withdrawal symptoms when injected |
| Iron supplement | ferrous sulfate (PO) | FeroSul, SlowFe | OTC | Iron deficiency anemia | Key Side Effects: nausea, stomach upset, constipation (dose-related), dark and tarry stools US Boxed Warning: accidental overdose of iron is leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6 years old |
| Water-soluble vitamin | cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (PO, IM, SL, intranasal) | PO, SL: OTC | Vitamin B12 deficiency (manifests as macrocytic anemia) | Key Side Effects: no major side effects | |
| Water-soluble vitamin | folic acid (PO) | OTC | Folic acid deficiency (manifests as macrocytic anemia), prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy | Key Side Effects: no major side effects | |
| Antimetabolite (folic acid antagonist) | methotrexate (PO, IV, IT) | Trexall | Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s Disease, psoriasis, various hematologic and solid tumors | Key Side Effects: stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, increased hepatic transaminases, pulmonary fibrosis (rare) US Boxed Warnings: serious toxic reactions (only use in life-threatening neoplastic disease, severe psoriasis, or severe rheumatoid arthritis); may cause fetal death or congenital abnormalities (avoid in pregnancy); severe (sometimes fatal) bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, and toxicity have been reported with concomitant administration of methotrexate a | |
| Antineoplastic agent, platinum-based compound | cisplatin (IV, IT, IP) | Kemoplat | Advanced bladder, ovarian, and testicular cancer; various cancers | Key Side Effects: bone marrow suppression, nausea/vomiting, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity US Boxed Warnings: may cause severe myelosuppression, severe nausea/ vomiting (requires highly effective antiemetic premedication), renal toxicity, and dose-related neuropathy | |
| Antineoplastic agent, anthracycline | doxorubicin (IV) | Adriamycin | Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, various cancers | Key Side Effects: cardiomyopathy, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression; US Boxed Warnings: may cause cardiomyopathy, myelosuppression, secondary malignancies; extravasation can result in severe local tissue injury and necrosis Other Notes: may cause red discoloration of urine, tears, sweat, and saliva | |
| Antineoplastic agent, monoclonal antibody | pembrolizumab (IV), pembrolizumab/ berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph (SC) | Keytruda(IV), Keytruda Qlex (SC) | Various cancers | Key Side Effects: peripheral edema, immune-related adverse events (including pruritus, skin rash, endocrine and metabolic abnormalities, diarrhea, increased liver enzymes, increased serum creatinine, dyspnea), nausea, vomiting, hematuria, anemia, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain | |
| Aromatase inhibitor | anastrozole (PO) | Arimidex | Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer | Key Side Effects: fatigue, rash, flushing, hot flashes, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, peripheral edema, osteoporosis Other Notes: cardiovascular side effects (i.e., hypercholesterolemia, CAD); fetal toxicity (CI in pregnancy) | |
| Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) | tamoxifen (PO) | Soltamox | Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer | Key Side Effects: hot flashes/night sweats, vaginal bleeding/discharge, decreased bone density (in premenopausal females) US Boxed Warnings: increased risk for uterine or endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events Other Notes: contraception should be used in premenopausal females due to teratogenicity of the drug; do not use with warfarin or history DVT/PE |
Created by:
Marquez35