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Feed to milk
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main ingredients of dairy cow diets | Corn silage, alfalfa (haylage), grain and protein supplements (ground corn and soybean meal) |
| TMR | Totally mixed ration |
| When do cows get TMR? | Twice a day |
| Why are dairy cow rations mixed? | So each bite is identical |
| How do milk production and cow feed consumption relate to each other? | Directly correlated |
| Layers of the rumen | Gas, fiber mat, and fluid pool |
| Fiber mat | What the cow ate that day |
| Fluid pool | Grains and what the cow ate yesterday |
| How can particles leave the rumen? | Through the bottom of the fluid pool |
| Why is the rumen always being mixed? | To expose the digest particles in the fiber mat |
| Chewing cud | Regurgitating the fiber mat to chew and break it down futher |
| Why do cows chew cud? | Physically break down ingested food and introduce saliva |
| Why is it important to have saliva in the rumen? | Buffer the rumen and raise pH |
| What do rumination collars do? | Detect how much time a cow spends ruminating each day |
| Why might a rumination collar stop giving information? | The cow is sick (most likely) or in heat |
| What lives in the rumen? | Bacteria, protozoa, fungi |
| Bacteria in the rumen | Fibrolytic (digest fiber), amyloytic (digest simple sugars/starches), proteolytic (digest proteins) |
| Protozoa in the rumen | Consume and digest bacteria, digest starch, sugars, and proteins |
| Fungi in the rumen | Break down cell wall |
| How does glucose leave the rumen? | As VFAs |
| What are the VFAs? | Acetate, propionate, butyrate |
| What is methane to cows? | Lost energy |
| How much does the agriculture industry contribute to US greenhouse gases? | 6-8% |
| How much methane do ruminants contribute to methane emissions? | 25% |
| How is the dairy industry trying to reduce methane emissions? | High quality diets, rumen modifiers, increasing milk production per cow, reducing total cow number, genetic selection to produce less methane, building methane digesters |
| Manure digesters | Gathered methane from manure that can be sold |
| Molecular building blocks for milk | Water, glucose, fatty acids and glycerol, amino acids |
| What does glucose do in milk? | Synthesizing lactose |
| What does lactose come from? | Propionate, amino acids, or glycerol |
| Where is glucose made in ruminants? | The liver |
| How much sugar needs to be made for a 100 lbs of milk production per day? | 8 lbs of sugar/day |
| Why are there fatty acids and glycerol in milk? | Synthesis of fat |
| What is the structure of the fat in glucose? | Tyrglyceride |
| What is fat made from? | VFAs, dietary fat, weight loss/lipolysis |
| Why are there amino acids in milk? | Synthesize protein |
| Where do animo acids come from? | Diet or rumen microbes |
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