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Past Tenses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Past Simple form (Positive) | S + V(-ed/past form) Examples: - She travelled - They flew |
| Past Simple Form (Negative) | Did + S + V(base form) Examples: - Did she travel? - Did they fly? |
| Past Simple form (short answer) | Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they did No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't |
| Past Simple usage | 1. actions which happened at a specific time (stated, implied or already known) in the past 2. past habits 3. past actions which happened one immediately after the other 4. past actions which won't take place again |
| Time words/phrases used with past simple | yesterday, yesterday morning/evening etc., last night/week etc., two weeks/a month ago, in 2010, etc. |
| Past Continuous form (positive) | S + was/were + V(-ing) Examples: He was talking. You were talking |
| Pas Continuous form (negative) | S + was/were + not + V(ing) Examples: It wasn't talking. We weren't talking |
| Past Continuous form (question) | Was/Were + S + V(-ing) Examples: I was talking. You were talking. |
| Past Continuous (short answers) | Yes, I/he/she/it was. No, I/he/she/it wasn't. Yes, we/you/they were. No, we/you/they weren't. |
| Past Continuous Usage (1) | 1. an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We don't know when the action started or finished |
| Past Continuous Usage (2) | 2. a past action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for the action which interrupted it (shorter action) |
| Past Continuous Usage (3) | 2. Two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past (simultaneous actions) |
| Past Continuous Usage (4) | 3. To give background information in a story |
| Time words/phrases used with the past continuous | while, when, as, at 11:00 yesterday, etc |
| Past perfect (positive) | S + had + V(3rd form) Example: I had gone. |
| Past perfect (negative) | S + had + not + V(3rd form) Example: I hadn't gone |
| Past perfect (question) | Had + S + V(3rd form) Example: Had you gone? |
| Past Perfect (short answers) | Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they had. No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn't. |
| Past Perfect Usage | 1. for an action which finished before another past action or before a stated time in the past 2. for an action which finished in the past. |
| Time words/phrases used with past perfect | before, already, after, for, since, just, till/until, by, by the time, never, etc |
| Past Perfect Continuous form (positive) | S + had been + V(-ing) Example: I had been hiking |
| Past Perfect Continuous form (Negative) | S + had not been + V(-ing) Example: She hadn't been hiking |
| Past Perfect Continuous form (Question) | Had + S + been + V(-ing) Example: Had they been hiking? |
| Past Perfect Continuous form (short answers) | Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they had. No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they hadn't. |
| Past Perfect Continuous Usage (1) | 1. to put emphasis on the duration of an action which started and finished in the past, before another action or stated in the past, usually with for or since |
| Past Perfect Continuous Usage (2) | 2. for an action which lasted for some time in the past and whose result was visible in the past |
| Time words/phrases used with the past perfect continuous | for, since, how long, before, until, etc. |
| be used to - would - be/get used to (1-2) | 1. we use used to/past simple to talk about past habits or actions that happened regularly in the past, but no longer happen 2. We use would/used to for repeated actions or routines in the past. We don't use would with stative verbs |
| be used to - would - be/get used to (3-4) | 3. We use past simple for an action that happened at a definite time in the past 4. we use be used to to show that we are accustomed to or are in the habit of (doing) something |
| be used to - would - be/get used to (5-7) | 5. Be used to can be followed by a noun, pronoun or an -ing form. 6. We use get used to to express the idea of becoming accustomed to (doing) something (gradually). 7. Get used to can be followed by a noun, a pronoun, or an -ing form |