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Chapter 13/14 Vocab
APHG Chapter 13/14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infrastructure | The many systems and facilities that a country needs in order to function properly |
| Dual agricultural economy | An economy having two agricultural sectors that have different levels of technology and different patterns of demand |
| Agribusiness | The large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment |
| Hybrid | The product created by breeding different varieties of species to enhance the most favorable characteristics |
| Vertical integration | The combining of a company's ownership of and control over more than one stage of the production process of goods |
| Commodity chain | A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to produce, handle, and distribute a commodity of product |
| Farm subsidy | A form of aid and insurance given by the federal government to certain farmers and agribusinesses |
| Tariff | A tax or duty to be paid on a particular import or export |
| Von Thunen model | A model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity |
| Global supply chain | A network of people, information, processes, and resources that work together to product, handle, and distribute goods around the world |
| Cash crop | A crop produced mainly to be sold and usually exported yo larger markets |
| Fair trade | A movement that tries to provide farmers and workers in peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with a fair price for their products by providing more equitable trading conditions |
| Agricultural landscape | A landscape resulting from the interactions between farming activities and a location's natural environment |
| Agroecosystem | An ecosystem modified for agricultural use |
| Deforestation | Loss of forest lands |
| Reservoir | Artificial lake used to store water |
| Aquifer | Layer of sand, gravel, and rock that contain can release a usable amount of water |
| Wetland | Area of land that is covered by water or saturated with water |
| Desertification | A form of land degradation that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desert-like condition |
| Biodiversity | The variety of organisms living in a location |
| Salinization | The process by which water-soluble salts build up in the soil, which limits the ability of crop to absorb water |
| Debt-for-nature swap | Agreement between a bank and a peripheral country in which the bank forgives a portion the country's debt in exchange for local investment in conservation measures |
| Biotechnology | The science of altering living organisms, often through genetic manipulation, to create new products for specific purposes, such as crops that resist certain pests |
| Agricultural biodiversity | The variety and variability of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used directly or indirectly for food and agriculture |
| Precision agriculture | A farming management concept that uses technology to apply inputs with pinpoint accuracy to specific parts of fields to maximize crop yields, reduce waste, and preserve the environment |
| Food security | Reliable access to safe and nutritious food that can support an active and healthy lifestyle |
| Food insecurity | The disruption of food intake or eating patterns because of poor access to food |
| Suburbanization | The shifting of population away from cities into surrounding suburbs |
| Food desert | Area where residents lack access to healthy, nutritious foods because stores selling these foods are too far away |
| Economy of scale | The reduced cost or producing food items as the quantity of production increases |
Created by:
Samanvi Uppala