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Stack #4737716
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a key assumption of the sociological perspective? | Individuals by nature are social beings |
| What kind of questions ask how the situation in one social context compares with that in another social context? | Comparative |
| An implication of sociology's assumption that social organizations are human made is that... | the organizations are imperfect |
| One of the most persistent questions of the sociologist is... | Who benefits from existing customs and social order, and who does not? |
| Traditions, values, laws, religious ideology, and population density are examples of... | Social facts |
| What is globalization? | Globalization is the processes by which everyone on Earth becomes increasingly interconnected |
| Define sociology. | Sociology is the academic discipline concerned with the systematic study of human society. |
| The sociological imagination involves... | The sociological imagination involves a willingness to view the social world from the perspective of others. |
| The original name used for sociology was called...and was coined by.... | The original name used for sociology by Auguste Comte was social physics. |
| Sociologists might say that people relate to society... | both as puppets and puppeteers. |
| in explaining poverty, a sociologist is most likely to... | in explaining poverty, a sociologist is most likely to focus on how societal institutions such as the educational system perpetuate poverty. |
| Which theorist believed that class conflict is the engine of social change? | Karl Marx believed that class conflict is the engine of social change. |
| Historically, the rationale for sociology could be said to have been provided by which theorist? | Emile Durkheim |
| the process whereby individuals adapt to, negotiate with, and change social structures | human agency |
| participant observation | a qualitative method of field work where the researcher actually joins the group being studied |
| the longitudinal survey collects what type of information? | The longitudinal survey collects information about the same person over many years |
| social facts are... | social facts are the changing variables in a social ecosystem. they are external and they are coercive over the individual. ex. traditions, values, laws, religious beliefs, population density |
| what is the sociological imagination | the si is an understanding of the relationship between larger social forces and individuals. |
| what is one consequence of the sociological imagination | the solutions to social problems are not seen interms of changing problem people, but changing the structure of society |
| a state of normlessness, a general decline in the strengths of norms | anomie |
| who coined bureaucracy | max weber |
| manifest vs latent consequences | manifest, direct; latent, unintended |
| which kinds of organizations allow members the chance to interact with people unlike themselves and join together in a common cause | heterogeneous |
| group polarization refers to | the tendency for people to take extreme positions in the direction they were already inclined due to group membership |
| emile durkheim's ...... refers to the unity among divergent elements resulting from a specialized division of labor | functional integration |
| an 1897 book written by durkheim. first scientific study of a social fact in context of society. main goal was to prove that social structures of high intensity could theoretically prevent the individual from killing themselves, power of social ties | suicide |
| views society as composed of competing parts that are in conflict with each other over power and resources | conflict model of society |
| the idea that society is structured like a biological organism made up of distinct parts with specialized functions was the foundation of ... | functionalist thought |
| in order sociology, the way individuals adapt to the division of labor, cultural norms and beliefs, and everyday life in general. | phenomenon of functional integration/interdependence |
| conflict sociologists believe that social order comes from... | social order comes about not from society's pursuit of cooperation but from coercion and domination. in particular, major institutions led to and legitimized power and privilege of some groups/individuals over others. |
| a set of beliefs held by oppressed or powerless people that are damaging to their own interests. refers to the distorted beliefs intellectuals held about society and the power of their own ideas. | false consciousness |
| recognizsing a group's class interests, common oppression, and an understanding of who the oppressors are. | class consciousness |
| social problems are | social problems are societyproduced conditions that violate norms and values of society, harm any segment of the population, and are societal in origin |
| 4 forces of social order | 1. consensus on societal values 2. group membership 3. planned integration 4. functional integration |
| a subdiscipline in sociology that is the scientific study of the commonplace activities of quotidian life | ethnomethodology |
| the process of society's demands becoming part of an individual and acting to control the individual's behavior | internalization |
| the universal way of putting down the customs of/people from other societies as wrong, inefficient, or immoral, and to think of the ways of one's own group as superior | ethnocentrism |
| process whereby people learn how to define reality from other people in interaction and by learning the culture. | social construction of reality |
| the belief that customs should not be evaluated by OUR standards, but the standards of the culture that is being evaluated customs of a society should be evaluated in light of the culture and their functions for that society | what is cultural relativity |
| relatively cohesive cultural system that varies in form and substance from dominant culture | subculture |
| a culturally homogeneous group that has developed norms and values that substantially differ from larger society. | counterculture |
| refers to the expectations and pressures of parents, friends, and society | the generalized other |
| the lifelong process of learning one's culture by developing understanding and knowledge of meanings, ideas, and actions existing in ones society | socialization |
| CH Cooley's theory of socialization | Looking glass self, we use the reaction of others towards us as mirrors in which we see ourselves and determine our self worth. judgement, feedback, media, beauty standards, etc... |
| GH Mead theory of socialization | self and society the generalized other role taking/taking the role of the other transforms a biological being into a social being who is capable of conforming their behavior to what society expects. It is the means by which culture is incorporated into |
| Albert Bandura theory of socialization | SCT social cognitive/learning theory behavior is learned from interactions between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. people both produce and are produced by their environment. Children observe the behavior of others and the feedback f |
| Sigmund Freud theory of socialization | psychoanalytic view. biological and social factors personality made up of three parts: ID- drive for pleasure and aggression, over time put down by society. EGO- rational part, controls ID SUPEREGO- internalization of society's morals within the self. |
| primary groups vs secondary groups | groups are based on the degree of closeness and involvement among the individuals. primary is closer and secondary is more impersonal |
| solomon asch | conformity experiment |
| a psychological phenomenon in which people will set aide their own personal beliefs or adopt the opinion of the rest of the group | groupthink |
| the organized ways in which society responds to behavior and people it regards as deviant or undesirable in some way or another. | social control |
| what does ideological social control attempt to do? | manipulate, shape, or mold the consciousness of citizens. |
| attempts to punish or neutralize individuals or organizations who deviate from society's norms. control behaviors | direct social control |
| poor mentally ill criminals political dissidents | groups singled out or targeted by dsc agents as deviants |
| deviance is not a property of the act itself but its presence depends on... | the societal reaction or the reaction of the audience or group |
| in an organized society, who determines what is deviant? | the majority |
| noted theologian harvey cox says that in the united states the economic market is believed to have the same characteristics as | god |
| result of ideological social control | accepting without question the existing distribution of societal power and rewards |
| why is ideological social control more effective than overt social control measures? | individuals impose controls upon themselves |
| agents of ideological social control | socialization, rewards and punishment(internal/mental punishment), media, religion, sports...etc... |
Created by:
smemily