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U3, period 4, Ch. 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Jackson's key actions during his presidency: | destroying the national bank forcing Indians out of their land modest government |
| spoils system | implemented by Jackson -rewards supporters of his campaign with government jobs -replaced officeholders with people who supported him - |
| kitchen cabinet | -Andrew Jackson's informal group of trusted advisers (outside his official cabinet ) -close personal/political allies -Jackson distrusted official cabinet (too concerned w/ their own interests) & relied on friends for advice |
| Five Civilized Tribes | five native nations that European Americans labeled civilized because they had adopted some US practices -occupied the Old Southwest Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, creek (Muskogee), Seminole |
| Indian Removal Act | -Congress passed in 1830 -authorized the president to negotiate treaties for native land cessions and removal -wanted to clear room in the Old Southwest for white settlement and farming |
| Old Southwest | the region that expanded westward and southwestward in the early 1800s (Alabama, Mississippi, etc) |
| Which indian group were most difficult to remove | Cherokees -their sophistication and adoption of white farming techniques |
| Indian Removal Act effects | -Jackson administration used power of negotiation to dispute treaties to push the five civilized tribes from their land -some nations were removed immediately while some moved yrs later (cherokee) -the Cherokees were pushed from Georgia to Oklahoma |
| Worcester v. Georgia | -Cherokees challenged Georgia's actions in court, advocated their rights to their territory and sovereignty -Chief justice John Marshall supported the Cherokee, but the fed. gov never enforced the ruling |
| Worcester v. Georgia causes | -Indian removal act reveals that the fed gov supports Indian removal -Georgia passed its own laws claiming authority over Cherokee, but Cherokee had existing treaties w/ fed gov that recognized their self-gov |
| why did the Cherokee effects | -this pressure between Georgia & Cherokee escalates until the trail of tears under Van Buren's administration -the court ruling did , however, slow the removal down |
| Trail of tears | -1837 -federal troops forced 12000 Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma -they are resilient: largest federally recognized group today |
| Why was the 2nd national bank controversial | Jacksonians thought it benefits only the commercial elite (gave them greater power over the common man -an un-elected group gaining power in gov) Henry Clay thought it regulated state banks, stabilized currency, and supported businesses |
| Bank War | Biddle & clay attempted to renew charter of 2nd bank before it expired - if Jackson vetoed the bill, clay hoped to make his decision a major issue & campaign against him Jackson vetoed the bill & weakened bank by putting federal deposits in state banks |
| Nicholas Biddle | president of the Second Bank of the United States |
| henry Clay | a senator during Jackson's presidency who attempted to recharter the national bank |
| Election of 1832 | Despite vetoing the renewal charter for the 2nd national bank, Jackson beat Clay -by vetoing the bank, who many agreed benefited the powerful over commoners, he presented himself as spokesperson of the common white man |
| Nullification Crisis | 1832-1833 in response to tariffs, south Carolina threatened nullification -Jackson threatened to use federal force to enforce the tariffs -Henry Clay helped negotiate a compromise tariff |
| Nullification Crisis causes | congress passed tariffs (taxes on imported goods) -South Carolina opposed the high tariffs because its leaders believed they unfairly favored the North |
| John C. Calhoun | Jackson's vice president from south Carolina who initially supported nullification & South Carolina's position on the nullification crisis -believed that states should block laws that threaten its interests -supports southern economy & slavery |
| Force Bill | |
| why were the tariffs in the nullification crisis put into place? | -they wanted to protect US manufacturers from foreign competition -raise revenue -this benefited northern businesses , but harmed the South, who bought many manufactured goods (worried they would become more expensive) |
| nullification | A state remains part of the US but refuses to follow a particular law |
| Compromise Tariff of 1833 | henry clay and calhoun negotiated the treaty to end the nullification crisis -worked out a deal that gradually reduces tariff rates over roughly nine years. -promise that tariffs would be lowered gradually |
| Nullification Crisis effects | maintained the principle that states could not ignore federal laws |
Created by:
Blessed Rectangle 11