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A&P: Axial- Skull
axial skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the parts of the axial skeleton? | skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage |
| What are functions of the axial skeleton? | protect vital organs, muscle attachment |
| How many skull bones are there? Which are which? | 22: 8 cranial, 14 facial |
| Name the cranial bones | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid |
| The ethmoid bone is blank and smaller than the sphenoid bone | more anterior |
| What does the ethmoid bone make up? | the medial wall of orbit and portions of the nasal cavity |
| The crista gali is the blank for dura | attachment |
| Cribiform plates allow for blank | nerves for smelling to enter the nasal cavity |
| The sphenoid makes up the blank | posterior wall of orbit |
| The sella turcica is the blank | pituitary gland |
| The temporal bone contains | temporal and mandibular fossas, mastoid and styloid processes, and external auditory canal |
| The temporal fossa contains the blank | temporalis muscle |
| The mandibular fossa contains the blank and blank | mandibule condyle and TMJ |
| The occipital bone contains the blank and blank | occipital condyles and foramen magnum |
| Occipital condyle function | articulate with C1 (atlas) |
| Foramen magnum function | opening for spinal cord |
| Name the facial bones | maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, inferior nasal concha, vomer, mandible |
| The only moveable skull bone | mandible (lower jaw) |
| What is the horizontal portion of the mandible? Vertical? | body (mental foramen), ramus |
| Function of the condyle of the mandible | forms joint with temporal bone |
| Function of the coronoid process of the mandible | muscle attachment |
| Forms entire upper jaw and midface | maxillae |
| The maxillae contributes to the blank, blank, and blank | roof of mouth (hard palate), floor and lateral walls of nasal cavity (nose), and floor of orbit |
| Where are the infraorbital formans? | in the maxillae region |
| Zygomatic bones make up what? | lateral wall of orbit |
| What is the zygomatic arch? | where zygomatic bone articulates with temporal bone |
| What bones does the coronal suture connect? | frontal and two parietal bones |
| What bones does the sagittal suture connect? | right and left parietal bones |
| What bones does the lambdoid suture connect? | occipital and parietal bones |
| What bones does the squamous suture connect? | temporal and parietal bones |
| Primary function of the orbits | space for eyeballs, optic nerve, and muscles that move the eyeball |
| How many bones make up the orbit of the eye? | 7 |
| Which 7 bones make up the eye orbit? | frontal, maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine |
| Which 3 cranial bones contribute to the orbit? | frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid |
| Which 4 facial bones contribute to the orbit? | maxilla, zygogmatic, lacrimal, and palatine |
| The frontal bone forms the blank and blank | the roof of the orbit and part of the forehead |
| The maxilla forms the blank and blank | the central floor of the orbit and the upper jaw |
| The zygomatic bone forms the blank and blank | lateral wall and outer rim of the orbit (cheekbone) |
| The sphenoid bone (butterfly-shaped) forms the blank | posterior (apex) of the orbit |
| The ethmoid bone forms the blank | thin, medial wall of the orbit |
| The lacrimal bone contains blank and sits in the blank | groove for tear drainage, medial wall |
| The palatine bone forms blank | a small portion of the orbital floor near the back |
| Where are the frontal sinuses? | right above the eyes within in the frontal bone |
| Functions of the frontal sinuses | lighten the skull, insulate the brain, and produce mucus to trap debris entering the upper nose |
| Where are the maxillary sinuses (largest)? | below the eyes inside the maxilla (cheekbones) |
| Functions of the maxillary sinuses | lighten the facial skeleton, cushion face against trauma, and humidify inhaled air |
| Location of the ethmoid sinuses | sits between the eyes within the ethmoid bone |
| functions of the ethmoid sinuses | separate the nasal cavity from brain and eyes, secrete mucus to flush nasal passages |
| Location of the sphenoid sinuses | deep behind the eyes near the center of the skull within sphenoid bone close to optic nerve |
| functions of the sphenoid sinuses | help insulate deep structures of skull; contribute to voice resonance |
| True or False: the hyoid bone is part of the skull | False; in the neck, not skull |
| What makes the hyoid bone unique compared to every other bone? | It is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone |
| How is the hyoid bone held in place? | It is suspended by muscles and ligaments |
| Where is the hyoid bone located? | anterior midline of the neck; below the mandible (lower jaw) and above the larynx (voice box) |
| What shape is the hyoid bone? | U-shaped |
| The hyoid bone serves as a crucial anchoring attachment point of which major organ? | the tongue |
| What action do important neck muscles attached to the hyoid perform during swallowing? | They elevate the larynx |
| Why is the elevation of the larynx by the hyoid muscles critical when you eat or drink? | It helps close the airway to safely guide food/liquid into the esophagus and prevent choking |
Created by:
ttinahoang